May 1997 Bangladesh cyclone

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Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm BOB 01
BOB 01 near peak intensity off the coast of Bangladesh
Meteorological history
FormedMay 14, 1997
DissipatedMay 20, 1997
Extremely severe cyclonic storm
3-minute sustained (IMD)
Highest winds165 km/h (105 mph)
Lowest pressure964 hPa (mbar); 28.47 inHg
Category 4-equivalent tropical cyclone
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC)
Highest winds215 km/h (130 mph)
Overall effects
Fatalities332-765 total
Missing750
DamageUnknown
Areas affected
IBTrACSEdit this at Wikidata
Part of the 1997 North Indian Ocean cyclone season

The May 1997 Bangladesh cyclone was a powerful and deadly storm that caused widespread damage and death throughout

mbar (hPa; 28.47 inHg). On May 19, the cyclone made landfall near Chittagong, Bangladesh
before rapidly dissipating the next day.

Prior to the storm's landfall, official in Bangladesh prompted more than 500,000 residents to evacuate from coastal areas and seek shelter. Despite the large-scale evacuation, more than 1,000 people perished as a result of the cyclone, most of which took place offshore. Numerous structures were damaged or destroyed throughout the affected region and electricity was lost for millions of people. In some areas, entire villages were leveled by the cyclone's storm surge. In the wake of the storm, water-borne diseases began to spread due to standing water and bodies being left out in the open. In response to the disaster, funds from across the globe were sent into Bangladesh to help the country recover.

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

On May 13, a near-equatorial trough developed. The poorly organized system slowly tracked towards the north-northwest. The following day, deep convection consolidated around the center of circulation and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) classified the system as Tropical Cyclone 01B.[1] On May 15, the India Meteorological Department (IMD) also began monitoring the system; however, they classified it as Depression BOB 01.[2] Favorable upper-level conditions and good outflow allowed the storm to intensify. Shortly after, the cyclone attained tropical storm-force winds and turned towards the northeast. While gradually increasing in forward motion, the storm continued to strengthen.[1] The IMD eventually upgraded the system to a cyclonic storm on May 16.[2]

On May 17, the cyclone attained winds of 120 km/h (75 mph), equivalent to a

mbar (hPa; 28.47 inHg).[2] The cyclone made landfall the following day near Chittagong, Bangladesh at this intensity.[1][2] After landfall, the storm rapidly tracked northeastward inland and dissipated early on May 20.[1]

Preparations

About a day before the cyclone would make landfall in Bangladesh, officials in the country raised the highest danger signals and evacuated numerous residents.

ACT Development, roughly 500,000 people evacuated low-lying coastal areas across the country.[4] However, according to The Washington Post, several million people evacuated ahead of the cyclone's arrival. In response to the threat of a major disaster, the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement sent up to 33,000 volunteers to assist in evacuation efforts.[5] The ACT Development set up shelters in the Cox's Bazar District, housing roughly 40,000 people, and their Disaster Preparedness Unit kept close contact with other organizations to prepare post-storm relief efforts.[4] Initially, there were fears that the storm may become a repeat of the 1991 Bangladesh cyclone which killed 139,000 people; however, the storm turned towards the northeast prior to landfall, preventing the worst of the storm surge from directly striking the coast. Additionally, the system ended up hitting at low-tide instead of high-tide as initially feared.[6] Had it struck at high tide, it is estimated that a storm surge of 6 m (20 ft) would have inundated much of the Bangladeshi coastline.[4]

Impact

In Bangladesh, the storm wrought catastrophic damage and left hundreds of people dead in its wake. On land, between 67 and 500 people died due to the storm.[7][8] As the tail end of the system moved through, a tornado struck the same region, killing 46 more.[9] Additionally, 750 fishermen went missing offshore during the storm; all are believed to have perished.[10] In all, between 113 and 863 people died due to the cyclone; however, monetary losses are not available.[7][8][10]

In Chittagong, news reports from

Teknaf and St. Martin's Island, a 2 m (6.6 ft) storm surge swamped the entire area,[11] killing 100 people.[7]


See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Joint Typhoon Warning Center (1998). "Tropical Cyclone 01B Preliminary Report" (PDF). World Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 7, 2011. Retrieved July 4, 2010.
  2. ^ a b c d "IMD Best Tracks Data ( 1990 - 2008 )". India Meteorological Department. 2009. Archived from the original (XLS) on November 16, 2009. Retrieved July 4, 2010.
  3. ^ International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies (May 18, 1997). "Bangladesh Cyclone Alert". ReliefWeb. Retrieved July 4, 2010.
  4. ^ a b c Action by Churches Together (May 19, 1997). "Alert Bangladesh Cyclone". ReliefWeb. Retrieved July 4, 2017.
  5. ^ "Bangladesh braces for cyclone's rage". The Washington Post. Reuters. May 19, 1997. Retrieved July 4, 2010.
  6. ^ "Bangladesh cyclone causes 500,000 to flee". The Spokesman Review. Associated Press. May 20, 1997. p. 3. Retrieved July 4, 2010.
  7. ^ a b c Staff Writer (May 20, 1997). "Fatal Cyclone in Bangladesh". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 4, 2012. Retrieved July 4, 2010.
  8. ^ a b Church World Service (May 20, 1997). "Situation Report Bangladesh Cyclone". ReliefWeb. Retrieved July 4, 2017.
  9. ^ "Tornado trails cyclone, kills 46". Ellensburg Daily Record. Associated Press. May 20, 1997. p. 7. Retrieved July 4, 2010.
  10. ^ a b Staff Writer (May 23, 1997). "Bangladesh; 750 Fishermen Still Missing After Storm". Los Angeles Times. p. 17. Retrieved July 4, 2010.
  11. ^ Staff Writer (May 20, 1997). "Bangladesh cyclone kills 6, levels villages: 500,000 flee huts as winds whip Bay of Bengal". The Spectator. p. B.1. Retrieved July 4, 2010.
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