Minamoto no Sanetomo

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
In this Japanese name, the surname is Minamoto.
Minamoto no Sanetomo
源 実朝
Shōgun
In office
1203–1219
MonarchsTsuchimikado
Juntoku
ShikkenHōjō Tokimasa
Hōjō Yoshitoki
Preceded byMinamoto no Yoriie
Succeeded byKujō Yoritsune
Personal details
Born(1192-09-17)September 17, 1192
DiedFebruary 13, 1219(1219-02-13) (aged 26)
NationalityJapanese
SpouseBomon Nobuko
Parents
Signature
Military service
AllegianceMinamoto clan
Branch/serviceMinamoto clan

Minamoto no Sanetomo (源 実朝, September 12, 1192 – February 13, 1219, r. 1203–1219) was the third

shōgun of the Kamakura shogunate. He was the second son of the Kamakura shogunate founder, Minamoto no Yoritomo. His mother was Hōjō Masako and his older brother was the second Kamakura shogun Minamoto no Yoriie
.

His childhood name was Senman (千万). He was the last head of the Minamoto clan of Japan. His Dharma name was Daijijiden seini'i goshoko jingi (大慈寺殿正二位丞相公神儀).

He was an accomplished waka poet.

Early life

Sanetomo in court clothing, painting by the priest Goshin.

After the death of Yoritomo in 1199, Sanetomo's grandfather

Sei-i Taishōgun, or shōgun, to a figurehead. Through hereditary succession, Sanetomo's older brother Yoriie became Sei-i Taishōgun in 1202, only to be stripped of the title a year later and put under house arrest for plotting against the Hōjō clan.[citation needed
] This was presumably to keep the shōgun a child and thus needing a regent (shikken) to make decisions in his place. Shortly thereafter in 1203, Sanetomo became head of the Minamoto clan and was appointed Sei-i Taishōgun.

A year later, Yoriie was assassinated by the Hōjō. Sanetomo was never more than a puppet for his mother Hōjō Masako, who used him as a pawn in her war with her father Tokimasa; Tokimasa tried to depose his grandson a number of times, beginning in 1205, causing Sanetomo to fear for his life thereafter.[citation needed]

Waka poet

Sanetomo, understanding his own powerlessness and not wanting to meet the same fate as his brother, put his time and energy into writing

Udaijin (Minister of the Right or "vice-premier") in 1218.[1]

Eventually, Sanetomo lapsed into inactivity and despair, plagued by fear of assassination and tormented by his chronic alcoholism (an addiction which Priest Eisai once tried to break by replacing alcohol with tea).[citation needed]

Death

Tsurugaoka Hachiman-gū
in Kamakura – the scene of Sanetomo's assassination
Shinto symbolism encompasses the girth of the ancient ginkgo tree at the foot of the stairs leading to the upper level of Kamakura's great Hachiman Shrine. The tree, near the spot where Sanetomo was ambushed and killed, was blown down on 10 March 2010.
Cenotaph honoring Sanetomo in Kamakura's Jufuku-ji's cemetery

Under heavy snow on the evening of February 13, 1219 (

Kugyō, came out from beside the stone stairway of the shrine and assassinated him.[2] For his act, he was himself beheaded a few hours later,[2] thus bringing the Seiwa Genji
line of the Minamoto clan and their rule in Kamakura to a sudden end.

Minamoto no Sanetomo was succeeded by Kujō Yoritsune as fourth shōgun of the Kamakura shogunate.

Family

Eras of Sanetomo's bakufu

The years in which Sanetomo was shogun are more specifically identified by more than one

nengō
.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Minamoto no Sanetomo" in Japan Encyclopedia, pp. 633–634, p. 633, at Google Books
  2. ^ a b c Azuma Kagami; Mutsu (1995/06: 102-104)

References

  • Azuma Kagami, accessed on September 4, 2008; National Archives of Japan 特103-0001, Digitized image of the Azumakagami (in Japanese)
  • Brinkley, Frank; Kikuchi, Dairoku (1915). A history of the Japanese people from the earliest times to the end of the Meiji era. The Encyclopædia Britannica Co.
  • 神谷道倫 (2006). 深く歩く鎌倉史跡散策上. かまくら春秋社.
    ISBN 978-4-7740-0340-5
    .
  • Jeffrey P. Mass (1995). Court and Bakufu in Japan. Stanford University Press.
    ISBN 978-0-8047-2473-9
    .
  • David Murray; Kentarō Kaneko (1906). Japan: Continuing the history to the close of 1905, with the provisions of the treaty of Portsmouth between Russia and Japan, and supplementary chapters. Putnam. p. 504.
  • Mutsu, I. (1995). Kamakura: Fact and Legend. PeriplusEdition.
    ISBN 978-0-8048-1968-8
    .
  • OCLC 1014075
  • Frédéric, Louis; Roth, Käthe (2002). Japan enciklopedia. Harvard University Press.
    ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5
    .
  • Rin-siyo, Siyun-zai (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon. Oriental Translation Fund.

External links

Preceded by
Shōgun
:
Minamoto no Sanetomo
1203–1219 		Succeeded by
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