Tokugawa Iesada
Tokugawa Iesada | |
---|---|
Shōgun | |
In office 1853–1858 | |
Monarch | Kōmei |
Preceded by | Tokugawa Ieyoshi |
Succeeded by | Tokugawa Iemochi |
Personal details | |
Born | Princess Atsu | 6 May 1824
Parent(s) | Tokugawa Ieyoshi Honjuin |
Signature | |
Tokugawa Iesada (
Early years
Iesada was born in Edo Castle as Masanosuke (政之助)—the fourth son of the 12th shōgun Tokugawa Ieyoshi with his concubine, known as Honjuin. As most of Ieyoshi's children died in infancy or before coming of age, Iesada was appointed heir at a very early age, but his interaction with people was very restricted in an effort to prevent contracting any illnesses. Some[who?] historians have theorized that he may have suffered from cerebral palsy. He had suffered from smallpox in early childhood, which left his face pockmarked. On the death of Tokugawa Ienari in 1841, concerns were raised on the fitness of Iesada as heir, with Tokugawa Yoshinobu named as a potential successor. However, this was strongly opposed by the rōjū Abe Masahiro, and Iesada remained heir.
Shōgun (1853–1858)
Iesada became shōgun on the sudden death of his father, Tokugawa Ieyoshi at the height of the Black Ships episode. Already in poor health, he took no active role in political affairs, leaving negotiations with the Americans in the hand of Abe Masahiro. The Convention of Kanagawa was signed on March 31, 1854. Abe resigned his post shortly afterwards, and was replaced as leader of the rōjū by Hotta Masayoshi.
On November 4–7, 1854, the Great
The 1854 Nankai earthquake followed on December 24, 1854, killing over 10,000 people from the Tōkai region down to Kyushu,[2] and the 1855 earthquake in Edo, one of the Ansei great earthquakes, with resulting fire damage and loss of life.[4][5]
On December 18, 1856, he married Princess Atsu, adopted daughter of Shimazu Nariakira and Konoe Tadahiro. She was known as Midaidokoro Atsuko (first-wife Atsuko).
On October 21, 1857, Iesada received the newly arrived American Consul Townsend Harris in an audience at Edo Castle.
Under
Kōmei, the reigning emperor at the time, was a major opponent of his policies. This strengthened the sonnō jōi movement.
Ii Naosuke was appointed tairō from April 23, 1858.
A widespread cholera outbreak from 1858 to 1860 is believed to have killed between 100,000 and 200,000 people in Edo alone.[7] Iesada died childless in 1858, possibly from the cholera outbreak. His grave is at the Tokugawa clan temple of Kan'ei-ji in Ueno. His buddhist name was Onkyoin.
Political factions within the
Health Problem
In the difficult situation at the end of the Edo period, the problem of the shogunate before Iesada took office immediately after he took office, and Iesada's constitution was very weak when he succeeded him, and he was even said to be a "wasted person". The abolition refers to the possibility that he may suffer from traumatic cerebral palsy, as well as the performance of the general.
Family
Iesada was initially married to Princess Takatsukasa Atsuko (1823–1848), the daughter of
- Father: Tokugawa Ieyoshi
- Mother: Honjuin (1807–1885)
- Wives:
- Takaatsukasa Atsuko (1823–1848) later Tenryuin
- Ichijo Hideko (1825–1850) later Sunjoin
- Shimazu Atsuko or Konoe Sumiko, later Tenshō-in
- Concubine: Oshiga no Kata (d. 1857) later Hoken'in
- Adopted son: Tokugawa Iemochi
Eras of Iesada's bakufu
The years in which Iesada was shōgun are more specifically identified by more than one
Ancestry
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In fiction
Tokugawa Iesada is featured in the 2008
Notes
- ^ Ravina, Mark. (2004). The Last Samurai: The Life and Battles of Saigo Takamori, pp. 62–63.
- ^ a b _____. (2007). "Great Earthquakes of Ansei" (安政大地震, Ansei Daijishin) in Historical Encyclopedia of Great Edo (大江戸歴史百科, Ō-Edo Rekishi Hyakka), p. 253.
- ^ Hammer, Joshua. (2006). Yokohama Burning: the Deadly 1923 Earthquake and Fire that Helped Forge the Path to World War II, p.65.
- ^ Smitts, Gregory. "Shaking up Japan: Edo Society and the 1855 Catfish Picture Prints" Archived 2007-12-30 at the Wayback Machine, Journal of Social History, No 39, No. 4, Summer 2006.
- ^ "Significant Earthquake Database" U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC)
- ^ Beasley, William G. (1955). Select Documents on Japanese Foreign Policy, 1853–1868, p. 322.
- ^ "Local agrarian societies in colonial India: Japanese perspectives.". Kaoru Sugihara, Peter Robb, Haruka Yanagisawa (1996). p 313.
- ^ Jansen, Marius B. and John Whitney Hall, eds. (1989). The Cambridge History of Japan, p. 316.
- ^ "Genealogy". Reichsarchiv (in Japanese). 6 May 2010. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
- Yae no Sakura which exaggerates his oddities and the apocryphal story of him chasing a duck within the Edo Castlecompound.
References
- ISBN 978-0-521-22356-0.
- Mogues, Alfred de. Recollections of Baron Gros's Embassy to China and Japan in 1857–58. London: Richard Griffin and Company. 1860. OCLC 6019667.
- OCLC 51898842.
- Totman, Conrad (1967). Politics in the Tokugawa Bakufu, 1600–1843. Cambridge: OCLC 279623.