Mohammed al-Shaykh

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For the Wattasid ruler, see Abu Abd Allah al-Sheikh Muhammad ibn Yahya.
Mohammed al-Shaykh
محمد الشيخ
Saadian dynasty
FatherAbu Abdallah al-Qaim
ReligionSunni Islam

Mawlay Mohammed al-Shaykh al-Sharif al-Hassani (

Saadian dynasty of Morocco (1544–1557). He was particularly successful in expelling the Portuguese from most of their bases in Morocco. He also eliminated the Wattasids and resisted the Ottomans
, thereby establishing a complete rule over Morocco.

Biography

War against the Wattasids and Portuguese

After the death of his father Abu Abdallah al-Qaim in 1517, Mohammed al-Shaykh (together with his brother Ahmad al-Araj) took command of the war of the Saadi against the Portuguese. They conquered Marrakesh in 1524.[5] Ahmad became Emir of Marrakesh, while still recognizing the Wattasid Sultan of Fes, and Mohammed remained as ruler of Taroudannt.[6]

In 1527, the Treaty of Tadla was agreed between the Saadians and the Wattasids, following the Wattasid defeat in the Battle of Wadi al-Abid. Both dynasties agreed on their respective territorial control, which was separated by the Tadla region.[5]

After 1536, and the rise in power of Ahmad, the brothers came into conflict with each other.

Tafilalet.[6]

Relationship with the Andalusis

The Andalusi relationship with the Saadian Sultanate was not good, although the victories of Muhammad al-Shaykh against the Portuguese had a good impact on the Andalusis, who fully supported him as a man of jihad. Muhammad al-Shaykh tried to ally with the Ottoman Empire to save Al-Andalus, but his conflicts with the Andalusi stopped him from doing so.[7]

War against the Ottomans

Taroudannt, the walls of which he built. The capital was then moved to Marrakesh
after its conquest in 1524.

After reorganising his army after the Ottoman example, he succeeded in conquering

Sultan of Tlemcen.[9]

After the fall of Fes,

Mazagan (1502–1769) remained in Portuguese hands.[10]

With help of the Ottomans, the Wattasids under

Wattasids at the Battle of Tadla, and recapture the city of Fes in September 1554.[11] During the Ottoman Siege of Oran (1556), Mohammed, who was allied with the Spanish, managed to capture Tlemcen from the Ottomans.[11]
With the final victory of the Saadians and the death of Ali Abu Hassun in 1554, the war was decided.

Death

Mohammed al-Shaykh was assassinated by the Ottomans in 1557 by order of

Marrakech. He was succeeded by his son Abdallah al-Ghalib, who successfully defeated the invading Turks in the Battle of Wadi al-Laban in 1558 who took advantage of Mohammed's assassination.[12][13][14]

Notes

  1. ^ "Sayyeda Rabia Al-Sâadiya de Tidsi". geni_family_tree. Retrieved 2022-04-06.
  2. ^ Les Archives berbères ... (in French). Leroux. 1920. p. 16. Lala Halou, daughter of the Marinid Ahmed el-Ouattas, king of Fez. In 957 (1550) aged 17 years old she married Abou-Abdallah Mohammed ech-Cheikh
  3. ^ "Lala Meriam Al-Sâadiya Princesse du Maroc". geni_family_tree. Retrieved 2022-06-11.
  4. ISBN 978-2-916569-30-7
    .
  5. ^ a b c d A history of the Maghrib in the Islamic period by Jamil M. Abun-Nasr p.211
  6. ^ a b The last great Muslim empires: history of the Muslim world Frank Ronald Charles Bagley, Hans Joachim Kissling p.102ff
  7. ^ "هل خضع المغرب لنفوذ الإمبراطورية العثمانية ؟". 27 January 2015.
  8. ^ The Cambridge history of Africa by J.D. Fage, John Desmond Clark, Roland Oliver, Richard Gray, John E. Flint, Neville Sanderson, Andrew Roberts, Michael Crowder p.405
  9. ^ The last great Muslim empires: history of the Muslim world by Frank Ronald Charles Bagley, Hans Joachim Kissling p.103
  10. ^ City walls: the urban enceinte in global perspective James D. Tracy p.352
  11. ^ a b A history of the Maghrib in the Islamic period by Jamil M. Abun-Nasr p.157
  12. doi:10.3406/remmm.1973.1258
    .
  13. ^ "حكاية مغربية.. العثمانلي يغتال السلطان السعدي والمغاربة يردون في وادي اللبن | تركيا الآن". 2020-05-31. Archived from the original on 2020-05-31. Retrieved 2022-03-13.
  14. ^ Muḥammad al-Ṣaghīr ibn Muḥammad Ifrānī (1888). Nozhet-Elhâdi : Histoire de la dynastie saadienne au Maroc (1511-1670) (in French). p. 550.
Preceded by
Saadian dynasty

1544–57 		Succeeded by
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