Mohana (community)

The Mohana (

Mohana word is probably derived from the Sanskrit word Mukha + tana (sthana) meaning people living at mouth of the Indus river, it is possible that the origin of Mohana or Mallah is from Meluha people, the word which people of Mesopotamian civilization used for people of Indus valley civilization.^[3] Mohanas are the direct descendents of Indus valley civilization people.^[4]

Culture

They often refer to themselves as "Mir Bahar" (meaning Lord of the sea). They are mostly Sunni Muslims and speak the Sindhi language.^[5]

The Mohana are known for living on

The traditional way of life has been under threat for decades. The exclusive fishing rights which were granted to them by government were removed with the creation of Pakistan, causing many of them to become dependent as workers for the fishing contractors who subsequently outbid them in auctions for those rights. Regional water shortages and the construction of dams along the Indus River have also significantly impeded their lifestyle, which is so centred on that river that attempts to resettle them elsewhere in the 1970s failed.^[7]

Sub-tribes and clans

Ārabi, Ābrani, Ātha, Āthla, Ajaya, Āqebani, Ābdani, Ātlani, Āmar, Āseeli, Ādmani, Abrani, Ablani, Abwani, Antāh, Barera, Bagia, Baghia, Bugho, Bogwa, Bohar, Bachrai, Budhar, Budhrani, Bandhāni, Balhara, Bhadla, Bharkani, Bilhāra, Buhrio, Charejo, Chālko, Chhul, Chator, Chechi, Chhijni, Chagda, Chanban, Chandani, Chawār, Chobutt, Chodha, Chichro, Cheenjri, Chhābai, Chhābrani, Chhāgani, Chhāga, Chhaja, Chhojani, Chharejo, Chhurihar, Chhagra, Chhalangar, Chhanadi, Chholani, Chhetia, Dabherani, Daryai, Dareen, Darba, Daphrani, Dagba, Dulla, Dullasia, Damal, Dumecha, Dunagona, Dundh/Dundar, Dundan, Dungh, Dar, Daeria, Depar, Dhandhal, Dhandhia, Dhapāli, Dhachar, Dharba, Dhagan, Dhama, Dhamach, Dhundhi, Dhanero, Dhangrach, Dhordhota, Dhordhaya, Dhokai, Dhokar, Dholia, Dheraj, Dāgha, Dāndani, Dachar, Darha, Dakhena, Danda, Dawāch, Dawakar, Dobal, Dahail, Daoochar, Desi, Deya, Daga, Dethar, Dedhra, Dagh, Dull, Dhandhan, Dhanag, Dhodhan, Doki, Dhondha, Dhondhan, Dhongejo, Dhahar, Dhahia, Dhaho, Dhara, Dhāgai, Dhāmran, Dhāngra, Dhagri, Dhorai, Dhuhara, Enami, Gādejani, Gādāi, Gāndar, Gāngar, Gajāria, Gajeria, Gujria, Gago, Gadbadki, Gada, Gudani, Gudhani, Gar, Gur, Garara, Garano, Geriyani, Gugera, Gaghar, Gulam, Galh, Galero, Galih, Guna/Gana, Ganbani, Ganbwani, Gandara, Ganjlani, Ganjan, Gundal, Gangar, Gutta, Gotar, Godai, Godo, Goghat, Gehee, Geerana, Gail, Gaind, Gāhoya, Gabhir, Gachla, Gakhar, Guliya, Gumora, Gorachani, Gorah, Goraho, Gorahi, Gorhi, Gahar, Gayar, Ghaha, Ghāghra, Ghāgham, Ghata, Ghacha, Gharana, Gharai, Ghalrio, Ghalejo, Ghana, Ghotano, Ghoghra, Ghoghāt, Ghoghat, Ghaighlani, Hākar, Hālti, Hadia, Hadoro, Hull, Hamthai, Hodai, Horai, Haboja, Hussainani, Jakhria, Jākhria, Jākhrai, Jānjahan, Jānwani, Jagrani, Jumāri, Jhinjhiwa, Jandān, Jangahi, Jobāniya, Jorr, Jogra, Jonani, Joniya, Jahazi, Jeesrani, Jāriko, Jamgori, Jabera/Jhabair/Jhabail, Jata, Jajoha, Jarrah (ڄَڙَھَ), Janai, Jorani, Jhābar, Jhāgoro, Jhānjhar, Jhānjhra, Jhāngan, Jhaber, Jhabra, Jhabair, Jhapla, Jhugur, Jhagia, Jhaljai, Jhandeer, Jahol, Kātar, Kāteria, Kāthyara, Karejo, Kārera, Kārrha, Kāsera, Kāndeel, Kāngo, Kānoyra, Kānhera, Kāniora, Kubra, Kathor, Kottiya, Kudai, Kadhan, Kerudhi/Khettai, Karolai, Kasar, Kasanb, Kaseera, Kaka (ڪَڪَا), Kamalu, Kamwani, Kanada, Kenada, Kanand, Kanuboya, Kunjan, Kanchani, Kandro, Kandal, Kandrah, Kandria, Kandhani, Kinrani, Kango, Kungo, Kangtia, Kanghai, Kania, Kutro/Qutro, Kochāria, Kod, Konia, Kahrani, Kahrejo, Kahia, Kerana, Kerat, Khārai, Khārtti, Khārechh, Khāmria/Kodario, Khanecha, Khaburani, Khatha, Khathrai, Khada, Khudai, Khadaya, Khadejo, Kharkar, Khargi, Kheryatt, Khanbhera, Khanbhria, Khanjijo, Khopra, Khodera, Kholur, Khonjāna, Khora, Khachar, Khachari, Khadtara, Khadecha, Lābri, Lārra, Lākhyari, Lāndir, Lathro, Lathria, Lattan, Lajar, Lur, Larai, Larhani, Lakhteer, Lalla, Lalia, Lora, Lori, Loljo, Lonthia, Lonk, Lonia, Lahna, Layara, Liyara, Liyarani, Liyarpotra, Mādo, Med, Mārai, Māshki, Mākera, Mākhra, Māggar, Mānjaria, Māndh, Māndi, Māngri, Māngriani, Māhujo, Matila/Mitila, Machhara, Machhar, Muchhra, Machhera, Maradparia (Paria, Kāngri), Margar, Margal, Marhai, Marhi, Misrik, Mushri, Muashi, Mugra, Magi, Magia, Malhār, Malhāna, Manjwani, Manjhwani, Manchhra, Manchhri, Manchhori, Mingrah, Munghan, Manghwani, Motani, Motan, Motanpotra, Moraj, Moorjo, Morakh, Mosāwi, Mogra, Mundar, Mungar, Moaira, Maha, Mirgani, Miranpuri, Nāpar, Nāch, Nāriani, Nāhar, Noonkata, Nuharia, Nihani, Naheria, Obhara, Phadrani, Phurhar, Phulia, Phatti, Phottani, Phodna, Phoreyat, Pātni, Pāraji, Pār'ri, Pārhiri, Pāredi, Pāresi, Pārehar, Pālki, Pālkia, Pāhiri, Pubia, Pabar, Patujo, Pata, Papar, Parbat, Pakhyar, Pakhra, Pakhira, Pakhrio, Palwani, Palidai, Panjra, Pinyar, Poprai, Pophani, Peesak, Peekra, Qasimpotra, Qādrani, Raa, Rāhwani, Rahukro, Rahejo, Rakhnani, Rasha, Rakhia, Ramani, Ropāya, Rodh, Rodhia, Roonjh, Ruwenjha, Rono, Rahbar, Rahria, Reesar, Relani, Sathyani, Saati, Saad, Sārha, Sāsia, Sāgrani, Sālāt, Sānbhal, Sānjhijo, Sāndan, Sāndani, Sāndh, Sāndhano, Sāndhani, Sāng, Sāngra, Sāngi, Sāngri, Sāicho, Sabhupotra, Suthera, Sapra, Sapria, Supria, Suriya, Sasar, Saikna, Sukhrejo, Sakhero, Samghan, Samote, Sanjani, Sanjhujo, Sangāsi, Sodhani, Sodhai, Sorai, Sora, Sonra, Sunhara, Saikhra, Shahpuria, Shakarkhalai, Shero, Shāer, Sheliani, Shinhara, Safrani, Sandrani, Sobha, Sahijo, Tahrani, Taibani, Taibiani, Taloi, Tanra, Tohia, Thamiwer, Thaimoor, Tatro, Tāndani, Tāndai, Tāndio, Tendio, Tanko, Tangar, Tangarr, Toba, Topiani, Torri, Toha, Toya, Tebari, Tebai, Tebhar, Tetar, Terra, Tetihar, Teenkha, Teemtha, Teengiani, Thenga, Thengia, Thengira, Uplano, Udan, Wātni, Wāghri, Wāghrio, Wāghiri, Wālhoto, Wāhujo, Wāhundani, Wadhani, Wadhejo, Wadākh, Wadahra, Wadehra, Wadhria, Wadho, Warer, Wirak, Wasana, Waso, Walāsia, Walhari, Walhia, Walejo, Wiharo, Wahurea, Waij, Weijh, Wayasra, Wayasrani, Wayasrio, Waiga, Zahedi, Zahāra, Zahro etc.^[8]

References