Moin-ul-Mulk

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Moin-ul-Mulk
Subahdar of Lahore
Portrait of Moin-ul-Mulk by Aftab Mussawar
Governor1748-1753
TenureGovernor of Lahore province
PredecessorYahya Khan
SuccessorMir Momin Khan
Died3 November 1753
Wars and battlesMughal-Sikh wars
Indian campaign of Ahmad Shah Durrani
Noble familyTurani[1]
Spouse(s)Mughlani Begum
IssueUmda Begum[2]
Muhammad Amin Khan[2]
FatherItimad-ad-Daula, Qamar-ud-Din Khan

Mian-Moin-ul-Mulk also known by his title Mir Mannu (died 1753) was the Mughal and later Durrani governor of the Punjab between 1748 and 1753.

Early life

Moin-ul-Mulk was the son of

Grand Vizier of the Mughal Empire, and younger brother of Intizam-ud-Daulah
.

Subedar of Lahore

Moin-ul-Mulk (also known as Mir Mannu), Subahdar of Lahore (in green) in his darbar smoking a hookah. Painted by Nainsukh of Guler, circa 18th century

In March 1748, Moin-ul-Mulk successfully commanded troops in the defeat of

Safdar Jung, subsequently making a bold dash of cavalry which resulted in the routing of Durrani's forces.[1]

After Durrani's retreat to

Muhammad Shah Rangila.[5] The appointment of Moin-ul-Mulk was opposed by the new wazir Safdar Jung.[6]

Soon into Moin-ul-Mulk's reign in the Punjab, Durrani launched a second invasion in December 1749. Despite requests to Delhi, the Mughal government led by Safdar Jung refused to send reinforcements to his aid. Realising he could not defeat the Afghans, he opened negotiations. The terms of the treaty promised revenue from the Chahar Mahal region, namely

Gujrat, Pasrur and Aurangabad to the Afghans.[5]

In 1751–52, Durrani launched his third invasion on the pretext of non-payment of revenue from the Chahar Mahal region. Moin-ul-Mulk concentrated his forces by requesting troops from

Ravi to confront Afghan troops under Jahan Khan and Durrani. However instead of joining up with Jahan Khan, Durrani detoured to Lahore from the north-east. Moin-ul-Mulk retreated to Lahore where he entrenched his forces outside the city walls.[6][pages needed] Durrani besieged Lahore for four months, causing widespread devastation in the surrounding areas. Again no reinforcements were sent from Delhi and no Mughal noble came to Moin-ul-Mulk's aid, resulting in his defeat on 6 March 1752.[5] In the resulting peace agreement ratified by the Mughal emperor on 13 April, the subahs of Lahore and Multan were ceded to the Durrani Empire. Impressed by Moin-ul-Mulk's bravery during the siege, Durrani conferred on him the title Farzand Khan Bahadur Rustam-e-Hind and reinstated him as governor of Lahore, albeit now on his behalf.[5]

Death

Moin-ul-Mulk died on 3 November 1753 after being thrown from his horse.[7] Durrani's three-year-old son, Mahmud Khan, succeeded as the Afghan governor of Lahore and Multan, with Moin-ul-Mulk's two-year-old son, Muhammad Amin Khan, as his deputy.[citation needed] In reality power was exercised through Moin-ul-Mulk's widow Mughlani Begum.[6][page needed]After his death, the Punjab hastened into turmoil as competing groups vied for political supremacy in Lahore, Multan and Delhi.[8]

In popular culture

Indian film director Surjit Singh Sethi made Mughlani Begum, a 1979 Punjabi-language film about the Begum and Mir Mannu.[9]

Gallery

  • Painting of Mian-Moin-ul-Mulk (Mir Mannu)
    Painting of Mian-Moin-ul-Mulk (Mir Mannu)
  • Miniature painting of Mian-Moin-ul-Mulk (Mir Mannu) smoking hookah
    Miniature painting of Mian-Moin-ul-Mulk (Mir Mannu) smoking hookah

References

  1. ^ a b Siddiqi, Zameeruddin. “THE WIZARAT OF SAFDAR JANG.” Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, vol. 29, 1967, pp. 190–204. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/44155496. Accessed 3 Aug. 2020.
  2. ^ a b Gupta, Hari (1944). Studies in Later Mughal History of the Panjab 1707-1793. Lahore: The Minerva Book Shop. pp. 109–110. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
  3. ISBN 978-1400858910
    .
  4. ^ Sarkar, Sir Jaduanth. Fall of the Mughal Empire (Vol 1 ed.). p. 223.
  5. ^
    ISBN 1932705546
    .
  6. ^
    ISBN 978-0199089444
    .
  7. ^ Khān, Tahmās (1967). Tahmas Nama, the Autobiography of a Slave. Popular Prakashan. p. 20.
  8. ISBN 978-1642490060
    .
  9. ISBN 978-0-85170-455-5
    .
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