Lovćen
Lovćen | |
---|---|
Ловћен | |
Highest point | |
Elevation | 1,749 m (5,738 ft) |
Coordinates | 42°23′57″N 18°49′06″E / 42.3991°N 18.8184°E |
Geography | |
Location | Montenegro |
Lovćen (Cyrillic: Ловћен, pronounced [lôːʋtɕen]) is a mountain and national park in southwestern Montenegro. It is the inspiration behind the names Montenegro and Crna Gora, both of which mean "Black Mountain" and refer to the appearance of Mount Lovćen when covered in dense forests.[1] The name Crna Gora was first mentioned in a charter issued by Stefan Milutin in 1276[1] and was used for several regions across medieval Serbian lands, including Skopska Crna Gora and Užička Crna Gora.
Mount Lovćen rises from the borders of the
The mountain slopes are rocky, with numerous fissures, pits and deep depressions giving its scenery a specific look. This is a karst landscape carved from limestone and dolomite.[2] Lovćen stands on the border between two completely different natural wholes, the sea and the mainland, and so it is under the influence of both climates. The specific connection of the life conditions has caused the development of the different biological systems. There are 1,158 plant species on Lovćen, four of which are endemic.[citation needed]
National park
The national park encompasses the central and the highest part of the mountain massif and covers an area of 62.20 km2 (24.02 sq mi). It was proclaimed a national park in 1952. Besides Lovćen's natural features, the significant historical, cultural and architectural heritage of the area are protected by the national park.
The area has numerous elements of national construction. The old houses and village guvna are authentic as well as the cottages in katuns, summer settlements of cattlebreeders.
A particular architectural relic worth mentioning is the road, winding uphill from
Great War
Upon the outbreak of
With the entry of
On October 19, the French guns opened fire. The Austro-Hungarians called for reinforcements and on October 21, Admiral Anton Haus despatched the modern battleship SMS Radetzky. With a broadside of four 30.5 cm (12.0 in) guns and four 24 cm (9.4 in) guns, the Radetzky would tip the balance. Naval seaplanes had been busy taking photographs and mapping accurate positions, and at 16:27, on October 22, the battleships all opened fire. Radetzky made a number of direct hits on the guns and fortified positions on the mountain and on October 24, one of the French 12 cm (4.7 in) guns was completely knocked out.
On October 26, the Radetzky opened fire before sunrise, catching the French and Montenegrins offguard, and a number of batteries and fortifications were destroyed in heavy bombardment, including another French 12 cm (4.7 in) gun. By 10:00, Allied firing from Mount Lovćen had ceased. The following day the Radetzky repositioned closer to the shore and blasted the Allied positions further. Grellier conceded defeat and pulled out his remaining saveable guns. Likewise, the Montenegrins abandoned their fortifications. By November, the French High Command decided to give up its campaign to neutralize and capture Cattaro, and the Radetzky returned to Pola on December 16.[3]
In early January 1916, the Austro-Hungarian army
Mausoleum
The biggest and most important monument of Lovćen national park is Petar Petrović Njegoš's Mausoleum constructed in 1971. The location for his burial place and the mausoleum at the summit of Jezerski vrh was chosen by Njegoš himself as his last wish.
See also
- Montenegrins
References
- ^ a b "Montenegro History – Part I". visit-montenegro.com. Retrieved 27 June 2018.
- ^ "The Panoramic Mausoleum and Karst Landscape of Lovcen National Park". 3 January 2021.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-84908-688-2