Muhammad Bakhit al-Muti'i
Muhammad Bakhit al-Muti'i محمد بخيت المطيعي | |
|---|---|
| Personal | |
| Born | 1271 A.H. = 1856 A.D. |
| Notable work(s) | Tathir al-Fu'ad min Danas al-I'tiqad |
| Muslim leader | |
Influenced
| |
Muhammad Bakhit al-Muti'i (1854 or 1856 — 1935) was the
Muhammad 'Abduh. He was also known as a devout scholar who chose to lose his position as mufti rather than bow to government pressure to issue a particular fatwa.[1]
Bakhit studied at al-Azhar and taught there from 1875 to 1880, when he was appointed
'Ali 'Abd al-Raziq's al-Islam wa Usul al-Hukm (Islam and the Principles of Rule).[2]
Biography
He was born in the village of al-Muti'ah in
Hanafi fiqh at al-Azhar from 1865 to 1875 and was among those who heard al-Afghani lecturing privately in the Muski district in Cairo. In 1880 he was appointed qadi, and in 1892 he was made Shari'a Legal Supervisor for the Ministry of Justice. The following year he became president of the al-Mahkama al-Shar'iyya (the Shari'a Court) in Alexandria, whereupon he was transferred to the Cairo court and became president of its technical council. He was finally appointed President of the Cairo al-Mahkama al-Shar'iyya al-'Ulya, in succession to the 'Abd Allah Jamal al-Din, who went with Hassunah al-Nawawi to the Khedive in Alexandria. In 1915, he was appointed Mufti of Egypt by the new Sultan Husayn Kamil.[Note 1]
Students
Among his most celebrated students was
'Abdullah al-Ghumari.[4]
Books
He published numerous treatises on
Among his well-known writings are:
- Tathir al-Fu'ad min Danas al-I'tiqad (Arabic: تطهير الفؤاد من دنس الاعتقاد).
- Ahsan al-Kalam fima Yata'allaq bi al-Sunnah wa al-Bid'ah min al-Ahkam (Arabic: أحسن الكلام فيما يتعلق بالسنة والبدعة من الأحكام).
See also
- Mustafa Sabri
- List of Hanafis
- List of Muslim theologians
- List of Ash'aris and Maturidis
Notes
- ^ According to Jakob Skovgaard-Petersen, the reason for the appointment is probably related to the fact that Muhammad Bakhit had carried out several political tasks, beginning with an investigation into the roles of the government Shari'a notaries (ma'dhunun) in the 1890s, and proceeding with assisting in Fathi Pasha Zaghlul's revision of the al-Mahakim al-Shar'iya (Islamic religious courts) in 1908, upon which were based the laws of 1909 and 1910.
On Bakhit's contribution, a confidential report of the British embassy wrote in 1915: "Sheikh Bekhit's especial duty was to help in convincing the religious party that the proposed regulations were in accordance with the religious law or that, at least, there was no sufficient reason for raising objections on that ground."
A few years later Muhammad Bakhit had proved himself to be anti-Salafi and anti-British to the degree that he was among the driving forces behind the uprising of 1919.
The reasons for Bakhit's dismissal from the Muftiship in June 1920 remain obscure; the explanation given in the obituary in al-Azharon the 16th, with representatives of various groups of the population. These agreed on a resolution and decided a national strike, which began on the following day. This historic gathering was chaired by Muhammad Bakhit. Muhammad Bakhit continued to play an active political role. In November 1921 he delivered a speech in front of 2,500 delegates at a major celebration commemorating the third anniversary ofSa'd Zaghlul's demand for independence." Next, on April 6th 1922 the King appointed him member of the commission to draft the new constitution, work which led to the Constitution of 1923. On 30 October 1922, he was one of the speakers at the founding of a new political party, the Liberal Constitutionalists (al-Ahrar al-Dusturiyyun) at
References
- ISBN 9789812308894.
- ISBN 9781555872298.
- ISBN 9789004109476.
- ^ "A Short Biography of 'Abdallah b. al-Siddiq al-Ghumari". ayouby.com. Archived from the original on 7 April 2022. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
- ISBN 9781555872298.
