Mukkuvar (India)
Mukkuvar | |
---|---|
Religions | Malayalam, Tamil |
Subdivisions | [1]
|
Related groups | Sri Lankan Mukkuvar, Mogaveera |
Mukkuvar is a maritime
Etymology
The caste name proposes several etymology theories. One view holds that the name Mukkuvar is derived from the Dravidian term muluku or mukku meaning "to dive", suggesting their traditional occupation in diving for pearls and seashell.[8] Other titles used by the community are Kukankulam, Murkukan and Mukkiyar.[9][10]
The Mukkuvars are divided into exogamous clans known as llam meaning "house". The Mukkuvars of Northern Malabar are known as Nalillakkar (meaning "of the four illams") consisted of the clans known as Ponillam (from pon meaning "gold"), Chembillam (from chembu meaning "copper"), Karillam and Kachillam. The Mukkuvars of Southern Malabar have only three clans, with the absence of Ponillam, and are therefore known as Munillakar (meaning "of the three illams").[1][11]
History
Early history
The Mukkuvars historically were inhabitants of the Neithal (coastal) lands of ancient Tamilakam, and find mention in various ancient
Mukkuvars had trade relation in Srilanka from 12'th century and few settled there from then. According to the legend of the Mukkuvar from Kerala, they emigrated to and from Sri Lanka. The Mattakallappu Manmiyam text and other local palm-leaf manuscripts in Srilanka attribute the emigration of the Sri Lankan Mukkuvar from South India under the rule of Kalinga Magha in 12th century AD, who delegates the power to local petty kings whose successors are identified as belonging to Kukankulam.[17] The Mukkuvars in Kanyakumari district still have the Srilankan dialect of Tamil, which shows they emigrated to and from southern part of ancient Tamilakam and Srilanka[15]
Medieval history
In the 8th century made mercantile
References
- ^ ISBN 978-81-7169-242-2.
- ISBN 9789251335291.
- ISBN 978-81-85107-46-2.
- )
- ^ Arunachalam, S. (1952). The History of the Pearl Fishery of the Tamil Coast. Ananamalai University.
- ^ Sudarsen, V. (1995). Knowledge of the Sea: Some Maritime Communities in India. PPST Foundation.
- ^ "PANDYA -CHOLA CONQUEST ON VIZHINJAM PORT | EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR)". eprajournals.com. Retrieved 2022-12-22.
- ^ a b McGilvray, Dennis B. (1974). Tamils and Moors: caste and matriclan structure in eastern Sri Lanka. University of Chicago. pp. 23–25.
- ISBN 978-0822389187.
- ^ Holmes, Walter Robert (1980). Jaffna, Sri Lanka 1980. Christian Institute for the Study of Religion and Society of Jaffna College. p. 219.
- ^ ISBN 978-81-246-0103-7.
- ^ திருமலைமுத்துசாமி, பேரா அ. "தமிழ்நாடும் மொழியும்/ சங்க காலம் - விக்கிமூலம்". ta.wikisource.org (in Tamil). Retrieved 2022-08-28.
- ISBN 9780521241458.
- ISSN 2455-3662.
- ^ a b "Sri Lankan Mukkuvar", Wikipedia, 2022-05-10, retrieved 2022-08-28
- ^ "The Maritime Activities of the Ancient Tamils and - History Forum ~ All Empires". www.allempires.com. Retrieved 2022-08-28.
- )
- ISBN 978-0-520-02529-5.
- ISSN 0002-8762.
- ^ Sankaranarayanan, K. C.; Studies, University of Madras Centre for South and South-East Asian (1994). The Keralites and the Sinhalese. Centre for South and Southeast Asian Studies. p. 39.
- ^ Devi, R. Leela (1986). History of Kerala. Vidyarthi Mithram Press & Book Depot. p. 101.
- ISBN 978-90-5383-644-6.
- ^ S. Pathmanathan (1978). The Kingdom of Jaffna. Arul M. Rajendran.
- ISBN 978-0-333-93921-5.