Namdaemun
37°33′36″N 126°58′31″E / 37.56000°N 126.97528°E
Namdaemun | |
---|---|
Jung-gu, Seoul | |
Country | South Korea |
Coordinates | 37°33′36″N 126°58′31″E / 37.56000°N 126.97528°E |
Opened | 1398 |
Korean name | |
Hangul | 남대문 |
Hanja | |
Revised Romanization | Namdaemun |
McCune–Reischauer | Namdaemun |
Official name | |
Hangul | 숭례문 |
Hanja | |
Revised Romanization | Sungnyemun |
McCune–Reischauer | Sungnyemun |
Namdaemun (
The gate, dating back to the 14th century, is a historic
In 2008, the wooden pagoda atop the gate was severely damaged by arson. Restoration work on the gateway started in February 2010 and was completed on 29 April 2013. The gate was reopened on 4 May 2013.
Name
The South Korean government, as written in hanja on the wooden structure, officially calls the landmark Sungnyemun,[3] even though it has been more commonly known as Namdaemun since the Joseon period.
A common belief in Korea is that the name "Namdaemun" was imposed forcibly during the
Different from the other gates, Sungnyemun's tablet has its name written vertically. When the first king of the Joseon dynasty, Yi Seonggye (who reigned from 1335 to 1408), constructed the capital city, he believed that fire would reach to Gyeongbokgung Palace, as well as to the capital city, as Mt. Gwanaksan of Seoul is shaped like fire according to feng shui principles. Sungnyemun's name means "fire", which is from the harmony of the Five Elements and, if written vertically, the Chinese character "fire" looks as if it is providing protection. This was Taejong's (1367–1422) first son, Yangnyeongdaegun's (1394–1462), famous writing.[4]
History
Before the 2008 fire
Before the 2008 fire, Namdaemun was the oldest wooden structure in Seoul.
In the early part of the 20th century, the city walls that surrounded Seoul were demolished to make the traffic system more efficient.
Namdaemun was extensively damaged during the
The gate was renovated again in 2005 with the building of a lawn around the gate, before being opened once again to the public with much fanfare on 3 March 2006.[13] During the restoration, 182 pages of blueprints for the gate were made as a contingency against any emergencies which may damage the structure.[14] Three years later, such an emergency arose.
2008 fire
At approximately 8:50 p.m. on 10 February 2008, a fire broke out and severely damaged the wooden structure at the top of the Namdaemun gate. The fire roared out of control again after midnight and finally destroyed the structure, despite the efforts of more than 360 firefighters.[15] Many witnesses reported seeing a suspicious man shortly before the fire, and two disposable lighters were found where the fire was believed to have started.[16] A 69-year-old man identified as Chae Jong-gi was arrested on suspicion of arson and later confessed to the crime.[17][18][19] A police captain reported that Chae had sprayed paint thinner on the floor of the structure and then set fire to it.[20] Police say that Chae was upset about not being paid in full for land he had sold to developers.[18] The same man had been charged with setting a fire at Changgyeong Palace in Seoul in 2006.[21]
Restoration
The
By January 2010, 70% of the pavilion gate, the first floor and 80% of the fortress wall had been completed. Work on the roof began in April after the completion of the wooden second floor, with 22,000 roof tiles produced in a traditional kiln in Buyeo, South Chungcheong Province. The wall and basic frame were scheduled to be finished in April and May respectively. The pillars and rafters are to be elaborately decorated, with the ornamental patterns and colors based on those used in the large-scale repair in 1963, which was closest to the early-Chosun original.[25]
In January 2013, it was estimated by an official that restoration of the gate would be completed around May 2013.[26] Construction had been delayed by four months due to harsh weather conditions in Seoul. On 17 February 2013, the gate was 96% completed, and all steel-frame scaffolding had been removed.[27][28] On 29 April 2013, restoration work was completed,[29] and the public opening was scheduled for 4 May 2013, a day before Children's Day.[30][31] It was officially reopened on 5 May 2013, after a five-year restoration period.[32]
Only six months after the restoration was completed, paint started to chip off and wood cracked. President Park Geun-hye ordered an investigation into the matter.[33]
Gallery
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During the Joseon period (c. 1890s)
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During the Korean Empire (c. 1900–1910)
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Japanese colonial period (c. before 1935)
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Damage during the Korean War (c. 1951)
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Just before fire (2007)
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Aftermath of the fire (11 February 2008)
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Restoration work (July 2008)
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Whole view (2013)
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Back and left side (2013)
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Plaque showing the official name of the gate, Sungnyemun, in Hanja (2013)
See also
- Fortress Wall of Seoul
- Namdaemun Market
- Shinhan Bank
- Namdaemun Battle
- Deoksugung
References
- ISBN 9781438468716.
- ^ 문교부장관 (29 December 1962). "문교부고시제169호. 《문화재보호법에의한국보지정》". 관보 (in Korean). 공보부.
- ^ Kwang-Tae Kim (11 February 2008). "South Korea arrests man in landmark fire". Yahoo! News. Associated Press.
- ^ Visit Korea (16 June 2014). "Sungnyemun Gate (Namdaemun Gate)". Visit Korea.
- ^ a b "Fire ravages South Korea landmark". BBC News. 11 February 2008. Retrieved 11 February 2008.
- ^ "Namdaemun: National Treasure No. 1". Korea JoongAng Daily. 30 January 2012. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 30 November 2012.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ Seth, Michael J (2006). A Concise History of Korea: From The Neolithic Period Through the Nineteenth Century. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 204.
- ^ Kim, Hyung-eun (18 May 2009). "Gateway to the Joseon capital". Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved 30 November 2012.
- ^ Hong Seong-tae (2004). "From Mount Baekak to the Han River: A Road to Colonial Modernization". In LaMarre, Thomas; Kang, Nae-hŭi (eds.). Impacts of Modernities. Hong Kong University Press. p. 126.
- Chosun Ilbo Japan (in Japanese). 28 November 2005. Archived from the originalon 15 February 2008. Retrieved 7 January 2008.
監査院は '日帝は1938年の 朝鮮宝物令 で文化財を指定した際、南大門を宝物1号に、現在の東大門(現在の宝物1号)を宝物2号に指定したが、光復 (独立)後も1962年にようやく国宝と宝物を指定した際、そのほとんどが日帝の宝物令にそのまま従って指定された' と明らかにした
- ^ Rahn, Kim (11 February 2008). "Poor Security Blamed for Gate Burnout". The Korea Times.
- ^ Shin Hae-in (13 February 2008). "Controversy erupts over fundraising for historic gate". Yonhap News Agency.
- ^ Lankov, Andrei (11 February 2008). "Namdaemun Outlived War, Colonialism". The Korea Times.
- ^ Chung Ah-young (11 February 2008). "Three Years Needed for Restoration". The Korea Times.
- ^ "S. Korean landmark collapses in fire". CNN. Associated Press. 11 February 2008. Archived from the original on 13 February 2008.
- ^ Kwok, Vivian Wai-yin (11 February 2008). "Korea's Historic Namdaemun Gate Toppled By Fire". Forbes.
- ^ "Man 'confesses to S Korea blaze'". BBC News. 12 February 2008.
- ^ a b Kim Tae-jong (12 December 2008). "Suspect Admits Arson on Namdaemun". The Korea Times.
- ^ "Man 'Arsonist Blames President Roh'". The Korea Times. 14 February 2008.
- ^ "SKorea arsonist in Namdaemun fire had grudge over land dispute: police". Agence France-Presse. 12 February 2008. Archived from the original on 15 February 2008.
- ^ Hyung-Jin Kim (11 February 2008). "Fire destroys South Korean landmark". Yahoo! News. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 13 February 2008. Retrieved 11 February 2008.
- ^ Choe Sang-Hun (12 February 2008). "South Korean Gate Destroyed in Fire". The New York Times.
- ^ Lim Chang-Won (2013). "Following the most expensive restoration project ever in South Korea, Namdaemun gate set to reopen". ArtNews/AFP.
- ^ Kim Yon-se (12 February 2008). "Donation for Gate Restoration Proposed". The Korea Times.
- ^ "Seoul Landmark Restorations to Be Completed This Year". The Chosun Ilbo. 4 January 2012. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
- ^ Lee, Min-Sun (4 January 2013). "The South Gate Will Stay Closed a Little Longer". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 8 January 2013.
- ^ "Veil lifted". Korea JoongAng Daily. 15 February 2013. Archived from the original on 11 April 2013. Retrieved 18 February 2013.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "Finishing touches". The Korea Times. 17 February 2013. Retrieved 18 February 2013.
- ^ Lee, Min-Sun (4 January 2013). "The South Gate Will Stay Closed a Little Longer". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 8 January 2013.
- ^ "Sungnyemun to open to great fanfare after more than five years of renovation". The Korea Herald. 30 April 2013. Retrieved 1 May 2013.
- ^ "Recovering Sungnyemun celebration congratulatory address". .The Blue House. 1 May 2013. Retrieved 1 May 2013.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Cha, Frances (9 May 2013). "South Korea's No. 1 national treasure reopens after five years". CNN Travel. Retrieved 27 May 2013.
- Wall Street Journal/ Korea Realtime.
External links
Media related to Sungnyemun at Wikimedia Commons