National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)
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National Liberation Party Partido Liberación Nacional | |
---|---|
President | Jorge Pattoni Sáenz |
Founder | José Figueres Ferrer |
Founded | 12 October 1951 |
Headquarters | Casa Liberacionista "José Figueres Ferrer", San José |
Student wing | Movimiento Universitario Liberacionista (MUL) Movimiento Estudiantil Liberacionista de Educación Media (MELEM) |
Youth wing | Juventud Liberacionista |
Ideology | Social democracy[1] Third Way Figuerism[2][3] |
Political position | Centre[4] to centre-left[5] Historical: Centre-left to left-wing |
Regional affiliation | COPPPAL |
International affiliation | Socialist International |
Colours | Green, white |
Legislative Assembly | 19 / 57
|
Intendants | 2 / 8
|
Mayors | 29 / 82
|
Alderpeople | 171 / 508
|
Syndics | 260 / 486
|
District councillors | 855 / 1,944
|
Party flag | |
Website | |
www | |
The National Liberation Party (
History
In 1948, a rebel group called National Liberation Army commanded by
In 1951, the Social Democratic Party, the Centre for the Study of National Problems and the group Democratic Action formed the National Liberation Party in October 12 in order to participate in the 1953 election, the first election since the civil war, with Figueres as nominee and democratic socialism as their ideology.[8] This election was very controversial as many parties were unable to participate, among others Calderon’s Republican Party and the Communists. Figueres won easily over the only other candidate with 60% of the votes.
For the
In
It wasn't until 1983 when the
In the same year's parliamentary election, the party won 25 out of 57 seats. In the 2010 general election, Laura Chinchilla, the previous vice-president and the PLN candidate, won the election with an initial count of 47 percent.
A newspaper poll in July 2011 showed a decline in party popularity. Commentary on the poll pointed to an inherited fiscal crisis, border friction with Nicaragua, and natural disasters the previous November as contributing factors to public discontent.[10][11][12]
In 2013, PLN’s candidate was San José Mayor since 1982 Johnny Araya[13] (Rolando Araya’s brother) after other aspirants like former Presidential Minister Rodrigo Arias (Óscar Arias’ brother) and former president José María Figueres (José Figueres’ son) dropped from the race due to be very low in the polls making a primary unnecessary. Araya was the frontrunner for a while in most polls but he went second in the first electoral round earning only 29% of the votes, the lowest percentage ever for a PLN’s nominee, and behind PAC’s nominee Luis Guillermo Solís. For the run-off election Araya resign his candidacy arguing that he had no more money to run a campaign and that all polls showed him losing by wide margin. Effectively in the second round Solís won with 78% of the votes (1.3 million voters) and Araya gained only 22%.[14]
Araya was expelled from the party after a resolution of the Ethics Committee due to his resignation as candidate in the second round (something unconstitutional, as the Constitution does not allow resigning a candidacy) thus Araya ran for Mayor of San José with a local party winning the election in the 2016 municipal election, in which PLN was the most voted party, yet it lost 14 mayoralties and received much fewer votes that in the previous municipal election.[15]
The party, as then main opposition to
Party leadership
Presidents of the party:[17]
- Francisco José Orlich Bolmarcich, 1952-1956
- María Teresa Obregón Zamora, 1956-1957
- Rafael París Steffens, 1957-1958
- José Figueres Ferrer, 1958-1970
- Daniel Oduber Quirós, 1970-1974
- José Figueres Ferrer, 1974-1993
- Carlos Manuel Castillo Morales, 1993-1994
- Manuel Aguilar Bonilla, 1994-1995
- Rolando Araya Monge, 1995-1999
- Sonia Picado Sotela, 1999-2001
- Mireya Hernández, 2001-2002
- Ana Gabriela Ross, 2002
- Marielos Sancho Barquero, 2002-2003
- Francisco Antonio Pacheco, 2003-2010
- Bernal Jiménez Monge, 2010-2015
- José María Figueres Olsen, 2015-2016
- Jorge Pattoni Sáenz, interim, 2016-2019
- Guillermo Constenla Umaña, 2019
- Kattia Rivera Soto, interim, 2019-2022
- Ricardo Sancho Chavarría, 2022-
Electoral performance
Presidential
Election | Candidate | First round | Second round | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | Position | Result | Votes | % | Position | Result | ||
1953 | José Figueres Ferrer | 123,444 | 64.7% | 1st | Won | ||||
1958 | Francisco Orlich | 94,788 | 42.8% | 2nd | Lost | ||||
1962 | 192,850 | 50.3% | 1st | Won | |||||
1966 | Daniel Oduber
|
218,590 | 49.5% | 2nd | Lost | ||||
1970 | José Figueres Ferrer | 295,883 | 54.8% | 1st | Won | ||||
1974 | Daniel Oduber
|
294,609 | 43.4% | 1st | Won | ||||
1978 | Luis Alberto Monge | 364,285 | 43.8% | 2nd | Lost | ||||
1982 | 568,374 | 58.8% | 1st | Won | |||||
1986 | Óscar Arias
|
620,314 | 52.3% | 1st | Won | ||||
1990 | Carlos Manuel Castillo | 636,701 | 47.2% | 2nd | Lost | ||||
1994 | José Figueres Olsen | 739,339 | 49.6% | 1st | Won | ||||
1998 | José Miguel Corrales | 618,834 | 44.4% | 2nd | Lost | ||||
2002 | Rolando Araya | 475,030 | 31.1% | 2nd | ─ | 563,202 | 42.0% | 2nd | Lost |
2006 | Óscar Arias
|
664,551 | 40.9% | 1st | Won | ||||
2010 | Laura Chinchilla
|
896,516 | 46.9% | 1st | Won | ||||
2014 | Johnny Araya | 610,634 | 29.7% | 2nd | ─ | 374,844 | 22.1% | 2nd | Lost |
2018 | Antonio Álvarez | 377,688 | 18.6% | 3rd | Lost | ||||
2022 | José Figueres Olsen | 571,518 | 27.3% | 1st | ─ | 924,699 | 47.2% | 2nd | Lost |
Parliamentary
Election | Leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Position | Government |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1953 | José Figueres Ferrer | 114,043 | 64.7% | 30 / 45
|
New | 1st | Government |
1958 | Francisco Orlich | 86,081 | 41.7% | 20 / 45
|
10 | 1st | Opposition |
1962 | 184,135 | 49.8% | 29 / 57
|
9 | 1st | Government | |
1966 | Daniel Oduber
|
202,891 | 48.9% | 29 / 57
|
0 | 1st | Opposition |
1970 | José Figueres Ferrer | 269,038 | 50.7% | 32 / 57
|
3 | 1st | Government |
1974 | Daniel Oduber
|
271,867 | 40.9% | 27 / 57
|
5 | 1st | Government |
1978 | Luis Alberto Monge | 155,047 | 48.2% | 25 / 57
|
2 | 2nd | Opposition |
1982 | 527,231 | 55.5% | 33 / 57
|
8 | 1st | Government | |
1986 | Óscar Arias
|
560,694 | 47.8% | 29 / 57
|
4 | 1st | Government |
1990 | Carlos Manuel Castillo | 559,632 | 41.9% | 25 / 57
|
4 | 2nd | Opposition |
1994 | José Figueres Olsen | 658,258 | 44.6% | 28 / 57
|
3 | 1st | Government |
1998 | José Miguel Corrales | 481,933 | 34.8% | 23 / 57
|
5 | 2nd | Opposition |
2002 | Rolando Araya | 412,383 | 27.1% | 17 / 57
|
6 | 2nd | Opposition |
2006 | Óscar Arias
|
589,731 | 36.5% | 25 / 57
|
8 | 1st | Government |
2010 | Laura Chinchilla
|
708,043 | 37.3% | 24 / 57
|
1 | 1st | Government |
2014 | Johnny Araya | 526,531 | 25.7% | 18 / 57
|
6 | 1st | Opposition |
2018 | Antonio Álvarez | 416,638 | 19.5% | 17 / 57
|
1 | 1st | Opposition |
2022 | José Figueres Olsen | 515,231 | 24.8% | 19 / 57
|
2 | 1st | Opposition |
References
- ^ "Is Social Democracy Possible in Latin America?". Retrieved 29 December 2021.
- ^ Rosales Valladares, Rotsay. "Análisis de Coyuntura Política N°2 – Primarias Partido Liberación Nacional". Universidad de Costa Rica. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
- ^ Arrieta, Esteban. ""Figuerismo" pide a Tribunal de Ética de PLN investigar rival por difamación". La República. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
- ^ "Ex-president heads into Costa Rica run-off, ex-finance minister likely awaits". Reuters. 2022-02-07. Retrieved 2022-03-22.
- ^ "A former center-left president and a former conservative minister on the ballot in Costa Rica". France 24. 2022-02-07. Retrieved 2022-02-12.
- ^ Tres candidatos frenarían nuevos tratados comerciales La Nación, 2013-12-31. (in Spanish)
- ^ Socialist International list of members. Socialistinternational.org. Retrieved on 2012-08-10.
- ^ a b c d e f "Costa Rica". San José University. Retrieved 27 March 2016.
- ISBN 9781563247446. Retrieved 27 March 2016.
- ^ Se desploma calificación sobre labor de presidenta Chinchilla. Nacion.com (2012-04-26). Retrieved on 2013-22-22.
- ^ Sueño totalitario Archived 2012-05-25 at the Wayback Machine. Nacion.com (2012-05-21). Retrieved on 2012-08-10.
- New York Times. Retrieved February 10, 2010.
- ^ "Meet Costa Rica's 13 presidential candidates". The Tico Times. Retrieved 27 March 2016.
- ISBN 9781475812282. Retrieved 27 March 2016.
- ISBN 9781475818710. Retrieved 27 March 2016.
- ^ "Costa Rica decidirá su nuevo presidente en una segunda ronda entre los dos Alvarado". Teletica. 4 February 2018. Retrieved 5 February 2018.
- ^ "Historia Partido Liberación Nacional". Liberacionista.net (in Spanish). 16 April 2018.
External links
- Official website (in Spanish)