2006 Costa Rican general election
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Presidential election | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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All 57 seats in the Legislative Assembly 29 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below. |
Costa Rica portal |
General elections were held in
In the parliamentary election, the National Liberation Party won the mosts seats.
Presidential election
Candidates
There were fourteen candidates running for the presidency in the 2006 elections. However, only a few rose in the polls above the error margin.
Óscar Arias
Arias had been seen as the front runner throughout the campaign. Arias served as President of Costa Rica from 1986 to 1990. He is best known worldwide for his role in the signing of the Esquipulas Peace Agreement which is regarded as the crucial plan which led to the eventual end to the series of civil wars that took place throughout Central America, most notably in Nicaragua, El Salvador, and Guatemala, during the 1980s. For his role he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1987. With the monetary portion of the award he started the Arias Foundation for Peace and Human Progress, an advocacy group for demilitarization, women's rights and conflict resolution through dialogue. Through this group Arias helped to settle conflicts throughout Latin America, participating in the process to demilitarize Haiti and Panama.[1]
Arias made the fight against poverty and corruption the headlining issues of his campaign. During public appearances he promised to provide scholarships to poor families so their children could stay in school and not have to work (a promise he fulfilled on his first day in office), and spoke about the urgency of signing the
With the pre-election opinion polls favoring Óscar Arias, he did not foresee such stiff competition from his closest rival Ottón Solís. At first count, there was a difference of only 0.4% (Óscar Arias = 40.6% vs Ottón Solís = 40.2%), or about 3,200 votes. Large numbers of voters supporting candidates other than Óscar Arias and Ottón Solís chose to cast their ballot for Ottón Solís at the last minute, with the objective of keeping Óscar Arias from winning the elections.
Election laws in Costa Rica dictate, among other things, that a candidate requires 40% of the votes to avoid a second round of voting for election of the President. Further, in case of a tie with candidates having the same number of votes, the elder of the two wins the seat.
Ottón Solís
Solís was the candidate of the Citizens' Action Party (PAC). Solís is a co-founder of the party and was its candidate in the 2002 presidential elections. In that election he ran against Rolando Araya of the National Liberation Party (PLN) and Abel Pacheco of the Social Christian Unity Party (PUSC). On 3 February 2002 the first round was held, in which Solís lost. He was running in an effort to break up the two-party system in Costa Rica.[3]
Solís is a critic of the
Otto Guevara
For the 2006 election, a faction of the
On the foreign policy front, Guevara is in favor of advancing civil liberties abroad. He is a critic of the Castro government in Cuba, accusing politicians in Latin America of being accomplices to the lack of political liberty by not speaking out against the country's government. Guevara has linked the lack of political liberties in Cuba to what he sees as an overextension of the state in Costa Rica. Specifically he sees that eliminating regulations which, according to him, affect the development of the economy, as being a part of his program to protect political liberty. Specifically he sees regulations on agroindustry as being a considerable problem.[8]
He hasn't yet made clear if his position on these issues changed along with the others. Given that his position on Cuba was likely the result of influence by Raúl Costales, an exiled Cuban who was one of the party founders and a long-time party secretary, and that he separated himself from the party after they voted to accept money from the government, it's likely Guevara's foreign policy has changed.
Ricardo Toledo
Toledo is the candidate for the ruling Social Christian Unity Party (PUSC) and used to be a close friend of president Abel Pacheco. He has a long history within the party as, among other things, President of the Youth of the Social Christian Unity Party, Coordinator of the party's southern districts, the head of management for the party, and senior officer and Vice-minister of the Ministry of Labor. He has also served in the legislature.[9]
Antonio Álvarez
Antonio Álvarez is the candidate for the party that he heads, the Union for Change Party (UPC).
He is running on a platform of political change. In an interview with newspaper Al Día Álvarez said that one thing that he believes negatively affects the country is unregulated immigration of Nicaraguans. He recommends stricter penalties for employers of immigrants who might be exploiting the Nicaraguans for cheap labor, and for increased use of documentation for immigrants.
On the economic front, Álvarez is interested in helping to build infrastructure because he believes it is essential to the continued economic development of Costa Rica. He is in favor of using the grant of public work and the emergency road network plan to build up the highways. He believes that a major problem with the health system is that it is inadequately funded and that violators are not penalized. Specifically he points to businesses who are not paying in order to have enough money to fund changes to the medical system. He is not in favor of legalizing same-sex marriage but is in favor of extending the benefits of marriage over to a civil union. In order to fight corruption in the municipalities and to ensure that money reaches the level that it is supposed to, Álvarez recommends more oversight in the hiring process so that the most qualified and honest people are in the positions where money distribution is involved. He is in favor of programs which encourage entrepreneurship, especially among the younger generation. Also for college students, he is not in favor of eliminating exams for the baccalaureate, but rather wants to expand education through increased infrastructure, new programs including secondary schools, and diversifying education through the regions.[10]
Campaign
Polemic over the
Results
President
Candidate | Party | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Óscar Arias | National Liberation Party | 664,551 | 40.92 | |
Ottón Solís | Citizens' Action Party | 646,382 | 39.80 | |
Otto Guevara | Libertarian Movement | 137,710 | 8.48 | |
Ricardo Toledo | Social Christian Unity Party | 57,655 | 3.55 | |
Antonio Álvarez Desanti | Union for Change Party | 39,557 | 2.44 | |
José Manuel Echandi Meza | National Union Party | 26,593 | 1.64 | |
Juan José Vargas Fallas | Homeland First Party | 17,594 | 1.08 | |
Bolívar Serrano | Costa Rican Renewal Party | 15,539 | 0.96 | |
Walter Muñoz Céspedes | National Integration Party | 5,136 | 0.32 | |
José Miguel Villalobos Umaña | Democratic Nationalist Alliance | 3,670 | 0.23 | |
Vladimir de la Cruz | Democratic Force | 3,020 | 0.19 | |
Álvaro Montero Mejía | National Rescue Party | 2,430 | 0.15 | |
Humberto Vargas Carbonell | United Left | 2,291 | 0.14 | |
José Arce | Patriotic Union | 1,864 | 0.11 | |
Total | 1,623,992 | 100.00 | ||
Valid votes | 1,623,992 | 97.64 | ||
Invalid votes | 30,422 | 1.83 | ||
Blank votes | 8,834 | 0.53 | ||
Total votes | 1,663,248 | 100.00 | ||
Registered voters/turnout | 2,550,613 | 65.21 | ||
Source: Election Resources |
By province
Province | PLN % | PAC % | ML % | PUSC % | UpC % | PUN % | PPP % | Other % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
San José | 38.9 | 42.4 | 8.3 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 1.9 | 1.1 | 1.9 |
Alajuela | 40.5 | 43.8 | 6.6 | 2.7 | 2.2 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 1.8 |
Cartago | 40.8 | 38.2 | 10.3 | 3.3 | 2.8 | 1.8 | 1.3 | 1.4 |
Heredia | 39.2 | 43.7 | 7.7 | 2.8 | 2.4 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 1.8 |
Puntarenas | 47.2 | 30.1 | 9.6 | 6.5 | 1.8 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 2.7 |
Limón | 40.4 | 29.6 | 13.5 | 6.5 | 2.7 | 1.9 | 1.2 | 4.3 |
Guanacaste | 49.9 | 31.3 | 6.5 | 5.9 | 1.6 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 2.8 |
Total | 40.9 | 39.8 | 8.5 | 3.6 | 2.4 | 1.6 | 1.1 | 2.1 |
Legislative Assembly
While PLN managed to return as the main political force in the Assembly, PAC become for the first time and till this date second largest political group in the Parliament.[13] PUSC on the other hand, affected by corruption scandals,[14][15] suffered a humiliating defeat passing from be the first parliamentary party with 19 deputies to only 5. The Libertarian Movement kept its 6 seats[13] while the newly resurrected National Union Party led by former Costa Rican Ombudsman José Manuel Echandi won one only seat for Echandi himself (who later will resign from the party, living it seatless).
Three then regional political parties won one seat each;
Alajuelense Democratic Action 7,867 | 0.49 | 0 | New | | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
United Left | 5,744 | 0.36 | 0 | New | |||||
Independent Guanacaste Party | 5,010 | 0.31 | 0 | New | |||||
Authentic Heredian Party | 3,556 | 0.22 | 0 | New | |||||
Provincial Integration Party | 2,835 | 0.18 | 0 | New | |||||
New Feminist League Party | 2,357 | 0.15 | 0 | New | |||||
Green Ecologist Party | 1,885 | 0.12 | 0 | New | |||||
Workers' and Farmers' Movement | 1,507 | 0.09 | 0 | New | |||||
Cartago Agrarian Force Party | 1,482 | 0.09 | 0 | 0 | |||||
Cartago Turrialban Authentic Party | 1,002 | 0.06 | 0 | New | |||||
Total | 1,613,961 | 100.00 | 57 | 0 | |||||
Valid votes | 1,613,961 | 97.06 | |||||||
Invalid votes | 34,286 | 2.06 | |||||||
Blank votes | 14,652 | 0.88 | |||||||
Total votes | 1,662,899 | 100.00 | |||||||
Registered voters/turnout | 2,550,613 | 65.20 | |||||||
Source: Election Resources |
By province
Province | PLN | PAC | ML | PUSC | PRC | PUN | UpC | PPP | FD | PIN | Other | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% | S | % | S | % | S | % | S | % | S | % | S | % | S | % | S | % | S | % | S | % | S | |
San José | 33.6 | 7 | 26.1 | 5 | 9.2 | 2 | 6.2 | 2 | 2.1 | 0 | 2.8 | 1 | 2.2 | 0 | 2.1 | 0 | 0.8 | 0 | 1.1 | 0 | 13.8 | 3 |
Alajuela | 37.3 | 5 | 27.7 | 4 | 7.8 | 1 | 6.9 | 1 | 4.2 | 0 | 2.5 | 0 | 2.4 | 0 | 1.3 | 0 | 0.7 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 8.7 | 0 |
Cartago | 35.2 | 3 | 27.7 | 3 | 10.4 | 1 | 7.1 | 0 | 2.0 | 0 | 1.9 | 0 | 2.8 | 0 | 1.4 | 0 | 0.7 | 0 | 1.1 | 0 | 9.8 | 0 |
Heredia | 36.4 | 3 | 30.6 | 2 | 9.0 | 0 | 8.3 | 0 | 4.2 | 0 | 1.9 | 0 | 2.2 | 0 | 1.6 | 0 | 0.7 | 0 | 0.8 | 0 | 4.3 | 0 |
Puntarenas | 44.7 | 2 | 18.6 | 1 | 10.0 | 1 | 12.8 | 1 | 5.4 | 0 | 1.3 | 0 | 2.2 | 0 | 1.6 | 0 | 1.6 | 0 | 0.3 | 0 | 2.0 | 0 |
Limón | 37.0 | 2 | 17.4 | 1 | 11.7 | 1 | 12.3 | 1 | 7.2 | 0 | 3.8 | 0 | 3.1 | 0 | 1.4 | 0 | 1.6 | 0 | 0.8 | 0 | 3.7 | 0 |
Guanacaste | 44.6 | 3 | 16.6 | 1 | 7.2 | 0 | 10.9 | 0 | 4.9 | 0 | 3.1 | 0 | 1.8 | 0 | 0.8 | 0 | 0.7 | 0 | 0.4 | 0 | 8.9 | 0 |
Total | 36.5 | 25 | 25.3 | 17 | 9.2 | 6 | 8.2 | 5 | 3.5 | 0 | 2.5 | 1 | 2.4 | 0 | 1.6 | 0 | 0.8 | 0 | 0.8 | 0 | 9.5 | 3 |
See also
References
- ^ Wright, Jim (10 February 1998). "Costa Rica's Oscar Arias: Blessed are the peacemakers". Fort Worth Star-Telegram.
- ^ Sylvia Alvarado Marenco and Pablo Guerén Catepillán. "No habrá segunda vuelta". Al Día. Retrieved 20 December 2005. [dead link]
- ^ "Pacheco de la Espriella, Abel". Current Biography International Yearbook (2002 ed.). 2002.
- ^ Vaughan, Martin (9 June 2005). "Arias Says Region Might Lose Benefits Without CAFTA". CongressDaily AM. pp. 15–16.
- ^ James C. McKinley Jr. (21 August 2005). "U.S. Trade Pact Divides the Central Americans, With Farmers and Others Fearful". New York Times.
- ^ Abrams, Jim (10 June 2005). "Administration moves to ease objections to trade agreement". Associated Press.
- ^ Julian Sanchez (12 August 2003). "The Other Guevara". Reason Online. Archived from the original on 11 December 2005. Retrieved 20 December 2005.
- ^ Alfonso, Pablo (24 July 2005). "Líder Costarricense pide luchar contra la dictadura castrista". El Nuevo Herald. p. 5A.
- ^ "Ricardo Jaime Toledo Carranza". Asamblea Legislativa República de Costa Rica. Archived from the original on 6 March 2006. Retrieved 21 December 2005.
- ^ "Transcripción del Chat de Al Día: Antonio Álvarez Desanti, candidato presidencial de UPC" (PDF). Al Día. 30 November 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 February 2006. Retrieved 21 December 2005.
- ISBN 9780739179499.
- ^ a b Trejos, Eugenia (August 2007). "The opposition to CAFTA in Costa Rica: Institutionalisation of a social movement". Bilaterals.org. Retrieved 13 March 2016.
- ^ a b Lehring, Gary (15 February 2014). "Costa Rican legislative elections show growing voter dissatisfaction with traditional choices". The Tico Times. Retrieved 13 March 2016.
- ISBN 9781483386263. Retrieved 13 March 2016.
- ISBN 9781608719952. Retrieved 13 March 2016.
- ^ "Transcripción del Chat de Al Día: Antonio Álvarez Desanti, candidato presidencial de UPC" (PDF). Al Día. 30 November 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 February 2006. Retrieved 21 December 2005.
External links
- Videos of the Debate (in Spanish)
- Arias for President (in Spanish)
- PAC Official Website (in Spanish)