National Movement for the Society of Development
National Movement for the Society of Development-Nassara Mouvement National pour la Société de Développement-Nassara | |
---|---|
President | Seyni Oumarou |
Founded | March 1989 |
Headquarters | Niamey |
Ideology | Conservatism |
Political position | Centre-right |
Colors | Green and brown |
National Assembly | 13 / 171 |
Website | |
mnsdnassara | |
[1] |
The National Movement for the Society of Development, also known as the National Movement for the Development of Society (French: Mouvement National pour la Société de Développement, MNSD-Nassara) is a political party in Niger. Founded under the military government of the 1974–1990 period, it was the ruling party of Niger from 1989 to 1993 and again from 1999 until 2010, when a coup on 18 February 2010, by a military junta called the Supreme Council for the Restoration of Democracy (CSRD) ousted the president, Mamadou Tandja.
History
20th century
The MNSD was founded in 1989 by President Ali Saibou, as the only legal party in the country. However, by the end of 1990, the Saibou regime acquiesced to union and student demands to institute a multi-party democratic system.
In 1991, two factions emerged within the MNSD, one behind Mamadou Tandja (MNSD-Nassara) and the other behind Moumouni Adamou Djermakoye, both of whom had been important figures in the regime of Seyni Kountché.[2][3] At a party congress in March 1991, Saibou retained his position as President of the MNSD, but at another congress held in November 1991, Tandja was elected as MNSD President, while Hama Amadou was elected as its Secretary-General.[3] Tandja's obtaining of the party leadership over Djermakoye marked a departure from the traditional dominance of the party by Djermakoye's Zarma (Djerma) ethnic group. Djermakoye split from the MNSD and formed his own party, the Nigerien Alliance for Democracy and Progress (ANDP).[2][3]
Tandja was the MNSD candidate in the
Tandja ran unsuccessfully again in the
Another
21st century
In the
Despite a split in the party, jailed former prime minister Hama Amadou retained the Presidency of the MNSD with his supporter Habi Mahamadou Salissou as its Secretary-General.[13] However, he was stripped of the formal leadership of the ruling party in early 2009; a special congress held in Zinder on 21 February replaced him with his successor as Prime Minister, Oumarou. Minister of Interior Albadé Abouba was elected as Secretary General of the party. This result came despite months of wrangling between pro-Tandja and pro-Amadou elements in the party that threatened to split the MNSD and saw pro-Amadou groups join opposition protests against a floated plan to extend Tandja's term past the 2009 elections.[1][14][15][16]
On 26 April 2009, the party's political bureau decided to expel eight party members, including five deputies to the National Assembly, for "indiscipline": deputies Soumana Sanda, Issaka Hassane Djégoulé, Amadou Soumana ("Belko"), Hadiza Moussa Gros and Seydou Tahirou Mayaki, as well as three party members Seyni Mounkaïla, Ladan Tchana and former Political Bureau member Oumarou Dogari. All were supporters of Hama Amadou.[17] According to Soumana Sanda, this was because of their support for the former prime minister.[18] On 14 May, the National Assembly admitted five replacement deputies, chosen by the ruling party: Abdoulaye Koro, Abdoulaye Morou, Soumana Kangaye, Amadou Saidou, and Amina Ali.[19][20]
In the
Electoral history
Presidential elections
Election | Party candidate | Votes | % | Votes | % | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First Round | Second Round | |||||
1989
|
Ali Saibou | 3,316,182 | 99.6% | - | - | Elected |
1993
|
Mamadou Tandja | 443,233 | 34.22% | 639,418 | 45.58% | Lost |
1996
|
378,322 | 15.65% | - | - | Lost | |
1999
|
617,320 | 32.33% | 1,061,731 | 59.89% | Elected | |
2004
|
991,764 | 40.67% | 1,509,905 | 65.53% | Elected | |
2011
|
Seyni Oumarou | 766,215 | 23.23% | 1,299,436 | 41.96% | Lost |
2016
|
563,613 | 12.12% | - | - | Lost | |
2020–21 | 428,083 | 8.95% | - | - | Lost |
National Assembly elections
Election | Party leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Position |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1989
|
Ali Saibou | 3,316,182 | 99.6% |
93 / 93
|
93 | 1st |
1993
|
Mamadou Tandja | 383,921 | 30.65% |
29 / 83
|
64 | 1st |
1995
|
467,080 | 32.30% |
29 / 83
|
1st | ||
1996 | Boycotted | 0 / 83
|
29 | |||
1999
|
611,097 | 34.65% | 38 / 83
|
38 | 1st | |
2004
|
849,365 | 37.13% | 47 / 113
|
9 | 1st | |
2009 | 1,422,698 | 47.33% | 76 / 113
|
29 | 1st | |
2011
|
Seyni Oumarou | 664,525 | 20.57% | 25 / 113
|
51 | 2nd |
2016
|
488,584 | 10.26% | 20 / 171
|
5 | 3rd | |
2020–21 | 319,189 | 6.77% | 13 / 171
|
7 | 3rd |
References
- ^ a b Pâté Boubacar, "MNSD-Nassara : Nouveau enjeu" Archived 4 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Niger Diaspora, 2 March 2009 (in French).
- ^ a b c d e f g Jibrin Ibrahim and Abdoulayi Niandou Souley, "The rise to power of an opposition party: the MNSD in Niger Republic", Politeia, volume 15, number 3, Unisa Press, 1996.
- ^ a b c d e Myriam Gervais, "Niger: Regime Change, Economic Crisis, and Perpetuation of Privilege", in Political Reform in Francophone Africa (1997), ed. John F. Clark and David E. Gardinier, pages 100–104.
- ^ a b c d e Elections in Niger, African Elections Database.
- ^ "Élections législatives sans l'opposition et sans commentaire" Archived 27 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Afrique Express (in French).
- ^ (in French).
- ^ a b "Les partis politiques nigériens, leurs leaders respectifs et les pratiques politiques inavouables" Archived 5 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine, La Roue de l'Histoire, 24 February – 1 March 2004 (in French).
- ^ "Politique: Hama Amadou est-il présidentiable?"[permanent dead link], Tamtaminfo.com, 27 February 2007 (in French).
- ^ "En piste pour la prochaine présidentielle, Le Premier ministre Hama Amadou désigné président de son parti" Archived 29 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Afrique Express, 2 January 2002 (in French).
- ^ a b "Tandja wins second term as president in historic first for country", IRIN, 8 December 2004.
- ^ "Niger: proche de son prédécesseur, Seyni Oumarou nommé Premier ministre", Agence France-Presse, 3 June 2007 (in French).
- ^ "Nigerien ruling party suffers from frictions"[permanent dead link], African Press Agency, 14 September 2008.
- ^ National Political Bureau of the MNSD, MNSD web site (2005 archive) (in French).
- ^ Moriba Magassouba and Fabienne Pompey, "L’énigme Tandja", Jeune Afrique, 11 January 2009 (in French).
- ^ "Niger: manifestation pour la libération de l'ex-Premier ministre", Agence France-Presse, 19 October 2008 (in French).
- ^ "Niger bans demo for detained ex-PM", Sapa-AFP. 23 October 2008.
- ^ "Au MNSD Nassara : exclusion de huit grosses pointures", Liberation, 26 April 2008 (in French).
- ^ Amani Mounkaïla, "MNSD-Nassara 5 députés et 3 militants exclus"[permanent dead link], La Source, 28 April 2009 (in French).
- ^ Mahaman Bako, "Assemblée nationale : adoption du projet de loi d'orientation relative à la culture"[permanent dead link], Sahel Dimanche, 15 May 2009 (in French).
- ^ Mahaman Bako, "Assemblée nationale : tumultes et coups de théâtre à la séance plénière du jeudi dernier", Sahel Quotidien, 5 May 2009 (in French).
- ^ Mathieu Olivier, "Niger : Seini Oumarou nommé Haut représentant du chef de l’État", Jeune Afrique, 21 October 2016 (in French).