Naval Air Facility Atsugi
NAF Atsugi | |||||||
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厚木海軍飛行場 (Atsugi Kaigun-hikōjō) | |||||||
Ayase, Kanagawa Prefecture in Japan | |||||||
Coordinates | 35°27′17″N 139°27′00″E / 35.45472°N 139.45000°E | ||||||
Type | Joint Japanese and United States air base | ||||||
Site information | |||||||
Owner | Government of Japan | ||||||
Operator |
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Controlled by |
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Condition | Operational | ||||||
Website | Official website | ||||||
Site history | |||||||
Built | 1938 | ||||||
In use | 1938 – present | ||||||
Garrison information | |||||||
Current commander | AMSL | ||||||
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Source: Japanese AIP at AIS Japan[1] |
Naval Air Facility Atsugi (厚木海軍飛行場, Atsugi Kaigun-hikōjō) (IATA: NJA, ICAO: RJTA) is a joint Japan-US naval air base located in the cities of Yamato and Ayase in Kanagawa, Japan. It is the largest United States Navy (USN) air base in the Pacific Ocean and once housed the squadrons of Carrier Air Wing Five (CVW-5), which deploys with the American aircraft carrier USS Ronald Reagan.[2]
During 2017 and 2018 the fixed-wing aircraft of CVW-5 relocated to Marine Corps Air Station Iwakuni in western Japan.
CVW-5 shares the base with the Headquarters
Despite its name, the base is 4
History
The Imperial Japanese Navy constructed the base in 1938 to house the 302nd Kokutai, one of the Navy's most formidable fighter squadrons during World War II. Aircraft based at Atsugi shot down more than 300 American bombers during the firebombings of 1945.[3] After Japan's surrender, many of Atsugi's pilots refused to follow Emperor Hirohito's order to lay down their arms, and took to the skies to drop leaflets on Tokyo and Yokohama urging locals to resist the Americans. Eventually, these pilots gave up and left Atsugi.
General
During the occupation, the base housed the overflow from nearby
NAF Atsugi was a major naval air base during both the Korean War and Vietnam War, serving fighters, bombers, and transport aircraft.
One of the aircraft based at Atsugi at least since 1957
In 1964 a
In 1969 an EC-121 aircraft of VQ-1 that took off from Atsugi on a reconnaissance mission near North Korea was shot down by a North Korean MiG-21. A series of options for response were presented to Nixon but ultimately no action was taken.[11] The reconnaissance flights resumed a week later.
In 1972, the U.S. and Japanese governments agreed to share ownership of the base, after which the
In 1973 Yokosuka became the home port of the carrier USS Midway. As a consequence CVW-5, the carrier's air wing was based at Atsugi.[12][13][14]
On 2 November 1976, a US Navy Grumman C-1 Trader, piloted by Lt. Laury K. Backman, suffered a mechanical failure of the aileron system while maneuvering to land on runway 01, and crashed short of the runway. All six aboard were killed.[15]
In 1977, a McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II based at the facility suffered a mechanical failure and crashed into a residential neighborhood in nearby Yokohama. The crew ejected and survived, but two young boys, aged 1 and 3, were killed and 7 others injured.[16]
Elements of the Naval Security Group and rotational squadrons of EP-3 Aries that are now stationed at Misawa Air Base were formerly stationed at Atsugi until the 1990s.
On 9 February 1999 a fire broke out at a terminal, no injuries were reported.[17]
On 3 April 2003 a faction of the leftist group Kakurōkyō attacked the facility with improvised mortar fire. Around the same time the same group also attacked Yokota Air Base and the National Defence Agency.[18]
In 2004 a
On 14 November 2009 a fire in Hangar 183 at the base injured three Japanese employees of Obayashi Corporation. The fire was reported at 11:55 a.m. and was extinguished by 12:45 p.m. The hangar was moderately damaged.[21]
In December 2009, Atsugi was again attacked, this time by Kakurōkyō members via improvised mortar barrages.[22]
Personnel and aircraft from the base assisted with
On 16 December 2013 a MH-60S Knighthawk of CVW-5 crashed in Miura city due to a tail jam. The aircraft was written off and two of the four occupants were injured.[24][25]
On 15 February 2014 three US Navy P-3 Orions were crushed "beyond repair" when their hangar was destroyed due to a massive snow storm.[26][27]
In December 2016 police arrested a Kawasaki man for pointing a laser pointer at JMSDF aircraft in July of the same year. It was reported that in 2016 there had been about 30 reports of laser pointers being directed at Japanese and US aircraft.[28]
A Grumman C-2A Greyhound assigned to VRC-30 aboard the USS Ronald Reagan was lost in an accident at sea on 22 November 2017. Three of the personnel on board were lost.[29][30][31][32][33][34][35] After this a detachment of 4-6 US Marine Corps Bell Boeing V-22 Osprey tilt-rotor aircraft were deployed to Atsugi for a week to fly supplies to the USS Ronald Reagan.[36][37]
Base name
Atsugi is named after the nearby
The name was chosen because Atsugi was the only large town in the area as of 1950, and the three farming villages surrounding the base at that time—Yamato Village, Ayase Village and Shibuya Village—shared names with better-known areas elsewhere in Japan. Yamato is an alternative name for the
Base issues
The Jinkanpo Incinerator
NAF Atsugi and the people stationed there gained notoriety in the 1990s (stemming from near-daily reports in the
The US government's Department of Justice sued the incinerator operators.[39] In May 2001, just before the court was to hand down its decision, the Japanese government purchased the plant for nearly 40 million dollars and shut it down. Dismantling was completed by the end of that year.[40]
Noise lawsuits
Since 1976 there have been a number of lawsuits with local residents sued the Japanese government over noise from the base,[41] and in October 2002 the Yokohama district court ruled that the government should pay 2.75 billion yen in compensation. Both the plaintiffs and the government appealed the case and in July 2006 the Tokyo High Court ordered the government to pay 4.04 billion yen to 4,865 people living near the base.[42]
The fourth lawsuit over noise was filed in 2007 in the Yokohama District Court. In May 2014 the court ruled that the SDF should not operate its aircraft between 10pm to 6am and that the government should pay ¥7 billion yen in damages. It was the first lawsuit to request the grounding of US military aircraft. This request was rejected by the court.[43]
The ruling was appealed, and in its July 2015 ruling the Tokyo High Court gave ¥9.4 billion to around 6,900 residents from eight cities, increasing the payout from the ¥7 billion yen ordered by the Yokohama district court. The Tokyo court also rejected calls to forbid night flights by US aircraft, arguing that the Japan-US security treaty is beyond the government's jurisdiction. In this it was following a Supreme Court ruling on the 1976 case, where the court ruled that the Japanese government has no power to regulate the activities of US forces in the country.[44][45]
The case was appealed to the Supreme Court and in December 2016 Japan's Supreme Court overturned the ban on SDF night flights. It upheld the damages awarded by the Tokyo High Court. The plaintiffs planned to file a fifth lawsuit as soon as February 2017.[46]
Organizing by residents continued[47] and in July 2017 it was reported that there were plans for around 6,000 local people to launch the fifth lawsuit against the government regarding noise from the base. Shuji Onami, leader of the plaintiffs, stated "Our lives are disrupted and are even put at risk whenever we are hit with booming noise (from aircraft) overhead. We will never accept the reality of the Atsugi base-related flights." It was also reported that 2,000 to 3,000 additional residents may also join the action at a later time.[48]
As of August 2017 6,063 nearby residents had joined the lawsuit.[49]
Protests and complaints
In addition to the lawsuits over noise there have been a number of protests regarding the base. In July 1988 20,000 people made a human chain around the base to protest about noisy night landings at the base.[50][51]
In 2005 Yamato city officials protested over noisy night landings from F/A-18 Hornet training.[52]
In 2007 the Japanese Communist Party (JCP) protested about F-16 and F/A-18 exercises at the base and asked that they be stopped.[53]
In 2013 the JCP also protested after a USN MH-60S Seahawk helicopter from Atsugi crashed in Miura city, and asked that Bell Boeing V-22 Ospreys not be deployed to Atsugi.[54] When Ospreys were sent to the base for training this also caused local protests.[55]
There were complaints in 2017 after children were allowed to touch machine guns on US helicopters during the May 2017 open day at Atsugi. City authorities from Ayase and Yamato cities complained, after which the machine guns were quickly removed.[56]
Friendship festival
During Spring Atsugi holds an open day. Non-Japanese visitors may be turned away from the gates for security reasons. Prospective attendees who are neither Japanese or American should bring identification and also consult the Third Country National list to see if they require special approval to enter the base.
There was an "Atsugi WINGS" air show held until the year 2000, featuring the "diamond of diamonds" display by formations of US Navy aircraft.[57][58] This was last held in the year 2000. There were many complaints about aircraft noise and low-flying planes, and from 2001 onwards full-fledged flying displays were not held during the open day.[59] Currently there is a ground display of US Navy and JMSDF aircraft, as well as take-offs and landings by various aircraft, including touch-and-go landing practice.
Carrier Air Wing Five
Atsugi hosts part of Carrier Air Wing Five, part of aircraft carrier USS Ronald Reagan's air component. The wing includes about 70 aircraft and 2,000 military personnel who are stationed at Atsugi when the carrier is in port at Yokosuka. On 9 May 2008 the wing commander, Captain Michael P. McNellis, was relieved of command by Rear Admiral Richard B. Wren, commander of Commander Task Force 70, after the admiral said he lost confidence in McNellis' ability to command. McNellis was replaced by Captain Michael S. White.[60][61] In 2012 the squadrons of CVW 5 completed their transition to variants of the Super Hornet/Growler, making it the first air wing without legacy Hornets.[62]
Relocation to Iwakuni
Since at least 2005 there have been plans to relocate
The move was planned to have been done in 2014, but after construction delays the move was delayed by three years, to 2017.[68][69][44]
The plan was for the move to take place in stages and be completed in May 2018.[70] The move did not include the wing's approximately 20 helicopters.
The move began in August 2017 with the five
By 28 November three more squadrons relocated after the Ronald Reagan's second patrol of 2017. The new squadrons were the
also relocated to MCASI by December 2017.In March 2018 strike fighter squadrons VFA-27 with the F/A-18E Super Hornet and VFA-102 with the F/A-18F Super Hornet arrived at MCAS Iwakuni, completing the move of CVW-5's fixed-wing aircraft squadrons.[74]
Tenant squadrons
Maritime Self Defence Force
As of 2018, the following
- Fleet Air Wing 4, Air Patrol Squadron 3 (Lockheed P-3C Orion) (Kawasaki P-1)
- Air Transport Squadron 61 (Lockheed C-130R Hercules) (LC-90)
- P-3C & UP-3C Orion, SH-60J/K & USH-60K Seahawk)
As of 2018, the US Navy tenant commands at NAF Atsugi are:[77]
- Helicopter Maritime Strike Squadron 51 Warlords (Sikorsky MH-60R "Seahawk")
Carrier Air Wing Five: (The fixed-wing squadrons and the carrier air wing staff have relocated to Marine Corps Air Station Iwakuni)
- Helicopter Maritime Strike Squadron 77 Saberhawks (MH-60R Seahawk) (to remain at Atsugi, will not relocate to Iwakuni)
- Helicopter Sea Combat Squadron 12 Golden Falcon (MH-60S Seahawk) (to remain at Atsugi, will not relocate to Iwakuni)
- Fleet Readiness Center Western Pacific
- Fleet Logistics Support Wing Clipper (C-40)
See also
- Izumi no Mori, a nature park operated by the city of Yamato, is located near the base.
References
- This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency
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