Nikolay Pirogov
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Nikolay Pirogov | |
---|---|
Николай Пирогов | |
Born | |
Died | 5 December 1881 | (aged 71)
Alma mater | Imperial Moscow University |
Known for | Field surgery |
Awards | Demidov Prize (1844, 1851 and 1860) |
Scientific career | |
Fields | Medicine, Surgery, Anatomy |
Institutions | University of Dorpat |
Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov (Russian: Николай Иванович Пирогов; 25 November [
Biography
Childhood and training
Nikolay Pirogov was born in Moscow, the 13th of 14 children of Ivan Ivanovich Pirogov (born around 1772), a major in the commissary service and a treasurer at the Moscow Food Depot whose own father came from peasants and served as a soldier in Peter the Great's army before retiring and opening a brewery in Moscow; Pirogov's mother Elizaveta Ivanovna Pirogova (née Novikova) belonged to an old Moscow merchant family and was four years younger than her husband.[1][2]
He learned to read in several languages as a child. His father died in 1824, leaving his family destitute. Pirogov originally intended to become a civil servant, but the family doctor Yefrem Mukhin who was a professor of anatomy and physiology at the Imperial Moscow University persuaded the authorities to accept a 14-year-old Pirogov as a student.[3]
In 1828 he finished the Faculty of Medicine and entered the
In May 1833, he travelled to Berlin, meeting such surgeons as
Years as doctor and field surgeon
In October 1840, Pirogov took up an appointment as professor of surgery at the
In 1847, he left for the Caucasus, where the Russian army waged a war against the local mountain peoples. Here, he wanted to test the operating methods he had developed in the field. In the Caucasus, he first applied dressing with bandages soaked in starch.
He worked as an army surgeon in the
Return and retirement
In 1856, after the end of war, he returned to Saint Petersburg and withdrew from the academy following the suggestion to work as a superintendent of schools of the Odessa Educational District which united several governorates.
He also argued against early specialisation, and for the development of secondary schools. In 1858 he received the rank of Privy Councillor and was transferred to Kiev as a superintendent of schools of the Kiev Educational District after disagreements with the Odessa governor general.[1] In 1861 he became a member of the Main Directorate of Schools, serving at the Ministry of National Education up until his death. Same year he bought an estate in the Vishnya village near Vinnytsia.
In 1862, he took charge of a delegation of Russian students sent overseas to prepare for professorship. He lived in Heidelberg and at one point he treated Giuseppe Garibaldi's injury sustained at Aspromonte on 28 August. In 1866 upon return to Russia he settled down at his estate, treating local peasants and establishing a free clinic.[3]
In 1870 he visited the battlefields and field hospitals of the
He last appeared in public on 24 May 1881 and died later that year at his Vishnya estate,
Personal life
Nikolay Pirogov was married twice. His first wife was Ekaterina Dmitrievna Berezina (1822—1846), who belonged to an old noble family, whom he married in November 1842. They had two sons: Nikolay (1843—1891), а physicist, and Vladimir (1846—1914), a historian and archaeologist. She died at the age of 24 from complications after the birth of her second son.
He married for the second time in June 1850 to Aleksandra Antonovna, née Baroness Bistrom (1828—1902), with whom he had no children.[8][9]
Legacy
Nikolay Pirogov was from 1847 corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences and received in 1844, 1851 and 1860 the Demidov Prize by the academy. He was appointed honorary citizen of Moscow in 1881. The Pirogov Society was founded four years after his death, which aims for better medical training and treatment in Russia.
The Pirogov Museum is located in Vinnytsia, Ukraine at his former estate and clinic. Near this 1947 building is a
Apart from his developed foot amputation techniques, several anatomical structures were named after him, such as the
A bust portraying Russian admirals and sailors from the Crimean War, including Nikolay Pirogov, was erected at Sevastopol Park after renovations in 2008.[11][12]
Trivia
- According to a study conducted in 2015, Pirogovov was included in "Russia team on medicine". This list includes fifty-three famous Russian medical scientists from the
References
- ^ ISBN 978-5-4475-7673-8
- ^ Alexei Maksimenkov (1961). Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov. His Life and Meetings in Portraits and Illustrations. — Leningrad: Medgiz, p. 2
- ^ S2CID 40918143.
- ^ "Louis Seutin (1793–1862)" (in French). Brugmann.
- ^ "Exaltation of the Holy Cross Community of Sisters of Charity" (in Russian).
- S2CID 43448185. Retrieved May 3, 2022 – via JSTOR.
- ^ "Henriette SALOZ-JOUDRA". 100 Elles* (in Swiss French). Retrieved 2020-03-29.
- ^ Facts from the life of Nikolai Pirogov
- ^ PIROGOV, Nikolaj Ivanovič
- ^ Pirogov Glacier. SCAR Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica.
- ^ "У Севастопольському парку Дніпра прибрали погруддя російських адміралів часів Кримської війни (+фото)". Крым.Реалии (in Ukrainian). 2021-12-22. Retrieved 2024-03-19.
- ^ "Таємниця церкви Святого Лазаря". www.ukrinform.ua (in Ukrainian). 2020-07-02. Retrieved 2024-03-19.
- ^ "Сборная России по медицине" [Russia team on medicine]. Medportal.ru. 21 April 2015. Archived from the original on 21 November 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2023.
- ^ "Сборная России по медицине" [Russia team on medicine]. Farm.tatarstan.ru. 21 April 2015. Archived from the original on 9 February 2022. Retrieved 18 February 2023.
- Bibliography
- Nordisk Familjebok. Konversationslexikon och Realencyklopedi (in Swedish). Vol. 21 (2nd ed.). 1915. p. 932.
- Malakhova, Olga (2004). "Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogoff (1810–1881)". Clinical Anatomy. 17 (5). Wiley-Liss: 369–372. S2CID 26931790.
- Kosenko, Oxana (2017). Lebensfragen: Nikolaj Ivanovič Pirogov (1810-1881) als Erinnerungsfigur: dargestellt anhand seiner Biografien (in German). Shaker Verlag. ISBN 978-3-8440-4984-8.