Ninety East Ridge
The Ninety East Ridge (also rendered as Ninetyeast Ridge, 90E Ridge or 90°E Ridge) is a mid-ocean ridge on the Indian Ocean floor named for its near-parallel strike along the 90th meridian at the center of the Eastern Hemisphere. It is approximately 5,000 kilometres (3,100 mi) in length and can be traced topographically from the Bay of Bengal southward towards the Southeast Indian Ridge (SEIR), though the feature continues to the north where it is hidden beneath the sediments of the Bengal Fan. The ridge extends between latitudes 31°S and 9°N and has an average width of 200 km.[1]
Description
The ridge divides the Indian Ocean into the West and East Indian Ocean. The northeastern side is named the Wharton Basin and ceases at the western end of the Diamantina Fracture Zone which passes to the east and almost to the Australian continent.[2]
The ridge is primarily composed of
Surveying
The ridge has been surveyed several times in the past, including several times by the
Origins
It had been assumed that India and Australia were on a single tectonic plate for at least the last 32 million years. However, considering the high level of large earthquakes in the Ninety East Ridge area and the evidence of deformation in the central Indian Ocean, it is more appropriate to consider the deformed region in the central Indian Ocean as a broad plate boundary zone separating the Indian Plate and the Australian Plate.[1][10]
Paleontology
During the late
See also
References
- ^ . Retrieved 23 May 2015.
- ISBN 0-226-77664-6- page 127 for map of Indian Ocean and ridges
- ^ ISBN 9781118668030.
- .
- ^ .
- ^ Gaina, C; Müller, RD; Brown, BJ; Ishihara, T (2003). "Microcontinent formation around Australia". In Hillis, RR; Müller, RD (eds.). Evolution and Dynamics of the Australian Plate (PDF). Geological Society of Australia Special Publication 22 and Geological Society of America Special Paper 372. pp. 405–16. Retrieved 2023-11-14.
- ^ .
- hdl:10852/70913.
- ^ "Seismic Project Information KNOX06RR Ninetyeast Ridge IODP Survey". The University of Texas at Austin. Archived from the original on 2017-05-10. Retrieved 2016-07-07.
- .
- S2CID 83060879.
Further reading
- Sager, William W. (2007). "Cruise Report KNOX06RR R/V Roger Revelle 18 June to 6 August, 2007, Phuket to Singapore" (PDF). Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2011-09-23.
- Nobre Silva, I. G. (2011). Deciphering mantle source components in basalts from hotspot tracks and oceanic islands (Thesis). University of British Columbia. .
- .
- Verzhbitsky, E. V. (2003). "Geothermal regime and genesis of the Ninety-East and Chagos-Laccadive ridges". Journal of Geodynamics. 35 (3): 289–302. .
External links
90 East Ridge Formation (94 Ma – present)
- Video including 90 East Ridge Formation (94 Ma (million years ago) – present). YouTube. Plate tectonics, Paleogeography, & Ice Ages (dual hemispheres) by Christopher Scotese, 2019. (Field Museum of Natural History & Northwestern University).
- Video including 90 East Ridge Formation (94 Ma (million years ago) – present). YouTube. Plate Tectonics, 540Ma – Modern World by Christopher Scotese, 2016. (Field Museum of Natural History & Northwestern University).