Nitrospira moscoviensis

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Nitrospira moscoviensis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Nitrospirota
Class: Nitrospira
Order: Nitrospirales
Family:
Nitrospiraceae
Genus: Nitrospira
Species:
N. moscoviensis
Binomial name
Nitrospira moscoviensis
Garrity et al. 2001[1]

Nitrospira moscoviensis was the second bacterium classified under the most diverse nitrite-oxidizing bacteria phylum, Nitrospirae.[2][3] It is a gram-negative, non-motile, facultative lithoauthotropic bacterium that was discovered in Moscow, Russia in 1995.[2] The genus name, Nitrospira, originates from the prefix “nitro” derived from nitrite, the microbe’s electron donor and “spira” meaning coil or spiral derived from the microbe’s shape.[4] The species name, moscoviensis, is derived from Moscow, where the species was first discovered.[4] N. moscoviensis could potentially be used in the production of bio-degradable polymers.[2]

History

In 1995, Silke Ehrich discovered Nitrospira moscoviensis in a sample taken from an eroded iron pipe.[2] The pipe was a part of a heating system in Moscow, Russia.[2] The rust was transferred to a culture where cells could be isolated.[2] For optimum growth, Ehrich and his team cultivated the cells on a mineral salt medium at a temperature of 39 °C and at a pH of 7.6-8.0.[2]

Morphology

Nitrospira moscoviensis is classified as being

periplasmic space.[5]

Metabolism

Nitrospira moscoviensis is a facultative

proton gradient.[5] The exocytoplasmic oxidation of nitrite also prevents build-up of toxic nitrite within the cytoplasm.[5] Another important metabolism ability for N. moscoviensis is its ability to cleave urea to ammonia and CO2.[3] The ability to use urea comes directly from the presence of urease encoding genes which is interesting because most nitrite-oxidizing bacteria are unable to use ammonia as an energy source.[3] Urease encoding genes function by catalyzing urea hydrolysis to form ammonia and carbamate.[3]

Ecology

Nitrospira moscoviensis grows in temperatures from 33 to 40 °C and pH 7.6-8.0 with an optimal nitrite concentration of 0.35 nM.

water treatment plants.[8]

Genomics

Following its isolation, N. moscoviensis’s genome was sequenced by Dr. Ehrich et al.[2] Its 4.59 Mb genome has a GC content of 56.9+/-0.4 mol% with a predicted 4,863 coding sequences.[2][3] N. moscoviensis's 16S rRNA gene sequences were found to be 88.9% similar to N. marina’s.[2] Despite its relatively low similarity to N. marina, N. moscoviensis was classified within the Nitrospirae phylum primarily due to shared morphological features including the presence of an enlarged periplasmic space.[2]

Nitrospira moscoviensis’s fully sequenced genome has provided useful

beyond the scope of 16S rRNA sequence studies.[7] The discovery of the gene encoding the β-subunit of nitrite-oxidoreductase, nxrB, from N. moscoviensis as a functional genetic marker of Nitrospira, not only confirmed previous 16S rRNA phylogenetic classifications within the phylum, but revealed a new understanding of Nitrospira’s richness in terrestrial environments.[7] The phylum has expanded from two bacteria, N. marina and N. moscoviensis, to a 6-branched genera composed of a characteristically diverse group of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria with N. moscoviensis positioned in lineage II.[8]

Biotechnology

The cytoplasm of Nitrospira moscoviensis contains polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) granules.[2]

References

  1. ISBN 978-0-387-21609-6
    .
  2. ^
    S2CID 2702110
    .
  3. ^
    PMID 26305944
    .
  4. ^
    S2CID 29796511
    .
  5. ^
    S2CID 21868756
    .
  6. S2CID 22834340
    .
  7. ^
    PMID 24118804
    .
  8. ^
    PMID 25764560
    .

Further reading

External links
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