Norfolk Spaniel
Norfolk Spaniel | |
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domestic dog ) |
The Norfolk Spaniel or Shropshire Spaniel is an
With a liver-and-white or black-and-white
History
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Norfoldspaniels.jpg/220px-Norfoldspaniels.jpg)
The Norfolk Spaniel was believed to have come about from a cross of spaniels with the Black and Tan Terrier, which was cultivated by an unspecified Duke of Norfolk.[1] However, later historians disagree with this theory, saying that the Duke of Norfolk's spaniels were of the King Charles type and that terrier stock had nothing to do with the origins of the Norfolk Spaniel.[2] The theory of the Duke of Norfolk-based origins of the Norfolk Spaniel was thought disproved by the investigation of James Farrow, a 19th-century spaniel breeder, who wrote to Henry Fitzalan-Howard, 15th Duke of Norfolk in order to find out the truth about the origins of the breed. The Duke responded, denying any connection to the breed, although he did state that his grandfather, Henry Howard, 13th Duke of Norfolk, owned Sussex Spaniels. The letter from the Duke was printed in The Kennel Gazette in 1899.[3] An alternative origin was proposed by Rawdon Briggs Lee in volume two of his 1897 work A History and Description of the Modern Dogs of Great Britain and Ireland. Lee argued that the Norfolk Spaniel was descended from a crossing of a curly-coated water spaniel and a Sussex Spaniel or another strain of land spaniel.[4]
In the 18th century, spaniels were split into three categories: land spaniels, water spaniels and toy spaniels. The land spaniels were split into two further types, the
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/English_Springer_Spaniel_Fansome_1903.jpg/220px-English_Springer_Spaniel_Fansome_1903.jpg)
The Spaniel Club was formed in 1885, and issued a
The Kennel Club (UK) designated all medium legged spaniels which were not Clumber nor Sussex Spaniels as English Springer Spaniels in 1902.[11][12] The Norfolk Spaniel was included under this designation, with the term "Norfolk Spaniel" considered for use to cover these types of spaniels, but ultimately rejected as the Club believed that the breed was always liver and white in colour.[11] The change in terminology was not smooth or immediate, with James Watson in his 1905 work, The Dog Book, still referring to the Norfolk Spaniel as a breed name.[8] In the modern era, the Norfolk Spaniel is thought to be the previous name for the English Springer Spaniel, prior to recognition by The Kennel Club (UK).[13]
Temperament
The Norfolk Spaniel would typically be unhappy when they were separated from their owners, as they formed a strong attachment. Compared to the springer spaniels of the 19th century, they were more ill-tempered, and could be headstrong and wilful if not successfully broken.[1] Some members of the breed could be noisy, and were described as "babbling"[10] and making noise on the hunt in a similar fashion to hounds, while others were far quieter.[4]
Its use in hunting was varied, and the breed was useful both on land and in the water. In particular, it became successful in America and towards the beginning of the 20th century were popular in the area around Boston.[14] They were described by the Spaniel Club of America as being as good in the water as the Chesapeake Bay Retriever.[15]
Appearance
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Norfoldspaniel.jpg/220px-Norfoldspaniel.jpg)
The breed was a freckled white dog with either liver or black markings, the
By the end of the 19th century the description of a Norfolk Spaniel had changed slightly, The Spaniel Club breed standard for a Norfolk Spaniel in 1897 was for the animal to have a coat of either black and white or liver and white which was not curly,[19] a reasonably heavy body and legs which are longer than other field spaniels but shorter than the Irish Water Spaniel,[19][20] a deep chest with long sloping shoulders and strength in the back and loins, as well as features typical of a spaniel such as lobular ears.[19] This standard also included the requirement for the tail to be docked.[19] In brief, the standard described the Norfolk as simply looking like a large cocker spaniel.[21]
References
- Specific
- ^ a b Youatt (1852): p. 79
- ^ Watson (1905): p. 244
- ^ Horter, Ria. "Vanished Dog Breeds (Part 1)" (PDF). RiaHorter.com. Retrieved 5 February 2011.
- ^ a b c Lee (1897): p. 304
- ^ Meyrick (1861): p. 43
- ^ a b Meyrick (1861): p. 44
- ^ Lee (1897): p. 226
- ^ a b Watson (1905): p. 265
- ^ Lee (1897): p. 303
- ^ a b c Mercer (1890): p. 24
- ^ a b Drury (1903): p. 307
- ^ "AKC Meet the Breeds: English Springer Spaniel". American Kennel Club. Archived from the original on 22 November 2010. Retrieved 5 March 2011.
- ^ "Spaniel (English Springer)". The Kennel Club. Retrieved 5 March 2011.
- ^ Watson (1905): p. 267
- ^ Watson (1905): p. 268
- ^ a b c Stonehenge (1859): p. 109
- ^ Shaw, Vero (1881). The Illustrated Book of the Dog. London, Paris & New York: Cassell, Petter, Galpin & Co. pp. 448–449.
- ^ Mercer (1890): p. 26
- ^ a b c d Lee (1897): p. 306
- ^ Lee (1897): p. 305
- ^ Watson (1905): p. 269
- General
- Drury, William D. (1903). British Dogs, Their Points, Selection, and Show Preparation (3rd ed.). London: L. Upcott Gill.
- Lee, Rawdon Briggs (1897). A History and Description of the Modern Dogs of Great Britain and Ireland, Sporting Dogs. Vol. II. London: Horace Cox.
- Mercer, F. H. F. (1890). The Spaniel and its Training. New York: Forest and Stream.
- Meyrick, John (1861). House Dogs and Sporting Dogs. London: Taylor and Francis.
- Stonehenge (1859). The Dog in Health and Disease. London: Longman, Green, Longman and Robers.
- Watson, James (1905). The Dog Book, A Popular History of the Dog, with Practical Information as to Care and Management of House, Kennel, and Exhibition Dogs; and Descriptions of all the Important Breeds. Vol. I. New York: Doubleday, Page and Company.
- Youatt, William (1852). Lewis, E.J. (ed.). The Dog. Philadelphia: Blanchard and Lea.