Nunamiut
Iñupiat language, English | |
Religion | |
---|---|
Presbyterianism | |
Related ethnic groups | |
Iñupiat, Uummarmiut |
The Nunamiut or Nunatamiut (
History
Early Nunamiut lived by hunting caribou instead of the marine mammals and fish hunted by coastal Iñupiat. After 1850 the interior became depopulated because of
Historically, the Nunamiut hunted
Eventually, the Nunatamiut who settled in the Siglit area became known as the Uummarmiut (people of the green trees) and intermarried with the local Inuvialuit.[4]
In 1938, several Nunamiut families returned to the
Recording of culture and history
The Nunamiut were visited after
Culture
According to archaeologist Lewis Binford, the Nunamiut depend on meat more so than any other living hunter-gatherer group. The annual cycle of Nunamiut life revolves around the annual migrations of caribou.
Spring: The main caribou migrations happen in March and April, when caribou move north through Anaktuvuk Pass to feed on the plains.
Summer: The plains thaw and become a marshland swarming with blackflies and mosquitoes.
Autumn: The caribou hunting cycle repeats in September and October when caribou retreat south again.
Winter: There are about 72 days of total winter darkness starting around November 15.[5]
Language
The native language of the Nunamiut is a dialect of
References
- ^ Stephen Adolphe Wurm, Peter Mühlhäusler, and Darrell T. Tyron (1996), Atlas of Languages of Intercultural Communication in the Pacific, Asia, and the Americas
- ^ "People of Mackenzie River". arcticblast. Retrieved 2007-09-30.
- ^ "Ivvavik National Park of Canada". pc.gc.ca. Retrieved 2007-09-30.
- ^ David Morrison; Curator of N.W.T. Archaeology; District of Mackenzie; Canadian Museum of Civilization. "Retracing an Archaeological Expedition". canadianarchaeology.com. Archived from the original on 2007-07-03. Retrieved 2007-09-30.
- ^ "The Nunamiut Eskimo". Retrieved 2007-09-23.
- ^ "Dennis Schmitt, Arctic Explorer". Archived from the original (The Warming Island Project) on 2007-12-25. Retrieved 2007-09-23.
Further reading
- Binford, Lewis Roberts. Nunamiut Ethnoarchaeology. New York: Academic Press, 1978. ISBN 0-12-100040-0
- Blackman, Margaret B. Upside Down: Seasons Among the Nunamiut. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2004. ISBN 0-8032-1335-2
- Gubser, Nicholas J. The Nunamiut Eskimos, Hunters of Caribou. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1965.
- Ingstad, Helge. Nunamiut; Among Alaska's Inland Eskimos. New York: W.W. Norton, 1954.
- Ingstad, Helge. Songs of the Nunamiut historical recordings of an Alaskan Eskimo community. [Oslo, Norway]: Tano Aschehoug, 1998. ISBN 82-518-3778-2
- Kakinya, Elijah, et al. Nunamiut Unipkaanich = Nunamiut Stories: Told in Inupiaq Eskimo. Fairbanks: Alaska Native Language Center, 1987.
- Rausch, Robert. Notes on the Nunamiu Eskimo and mammals of the Anaktuvuk Pass Region, Brooks Range, Alaska
- Spearman, Grant R. Nunamiut History. [Alaska]: North Slope Borough School District, Title IV, Indian Education Program, 1982.
External links
- Documentary- 50 Years of Northern Light, a look at Anaktuvuk Pass as reflected by the village church building. Directed by Caven Keith, 2011
- Documentary- Tradition Meets Modernity in Native Alaska, Wil Carson uses filmmaking to explore the changes in traditional Nunamiut village life, 1998
- Faces of the Nunamiut: Tourist Art and Traditional Knowledge in Northern Alaska- National Science Foundation grant
- Gates of the Arctic National Park Sights Page- the establishment of Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve in 1980 placed Anaktuvuk Pass, the Nunamiut's historic land, in the middle of a national park.
- Interview with Dennis Schmitt-Warming Island, researched the Nunamiut dialect in the 1960s, under Noam Chomsky
- Mask making exhibit
- North Slope Borough School District- public school system
- Restore Nunamiut Kayak-The University of Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, and the Simon Paneak Memorial Museum, Anaktuvuk Pass, are restoring the only remaining Nunamiut (inland) kayak.
- Simon Paneak Memorial Museum[dead link]- created by the Nunamiut people, located in Anaktuvuk Pass, Aipanni, the newsletter of the Simon Paneak Memorial Museum Endowment Campaign
- A heritage of whales and whaling among the Nunamiut Inupiat- ancient days, traditional times, commercial whaling, whaling today.