October 2022 Southern Ocean cyclone
Meteorological history | |
---|---|
Formed | 9 October 2022 (ECMWF) 16 October 2022 (Geophysical Research Letters paper) |
Dissipated | 20 October 2022 (ECMWF) 22 October 2022 (Geophysical Research Letters paper) |
Extratropical cyclone | |
Lowest pressure | ≤900.7 hPa (mbar); ≤26.60 inHg |
Overall effects | |
Fatalities | None |
Damage | None |
The October 2022 Southern Ocean cyclone, also referred to as the Peter I storm
The cyclone's pressure has been estimated by the
Background
The Southern Ocean is defined as the body of water that surrounds Antarctica, generally below 60° degrees south. The status of the Southern Ocean is disputed,[3] with it being an official ocean on the 2002 draft of Limits of Oceans and Seas by the International Hydrographic Organization.[4] However, the draft has not been published due to several naming disputes of different bodies of water, primarily the Sea of Japan.[5]
Extratropical cyclones in the Southern Ocean have been observed to be stronger than
Meteorological history
The cyclone's origins can be traced back to 9 October, when a weak extratropical cyclone formed near Tonga. The cyclone spent around a day moving slowly near the island before moving southeastward on 11 October. The cyclone started to deepen on 13 October and rapidly move across the Southeast Pacific. During this time, the
The cyclone lasted roughly for ten days, much longer than typical cyclones in the North Pacific and North Atlantic, although some summer cyclones in the Arctic Ocean have been observed to last as long.[1]
Pressure estimates
A weather station on Thurston Island recorded an elevated pressure of 897 mbar (26.5 inHg), a sea-level pressure of 923 mbar (27.3 inHg).[6] The Servicio Meteorológico Nacional of Argentina marked the cyclone of having a pressure of 905 mbar (26.7 inHg) on 17 October at 12:00 UTC.[7] The analysis of data from the ERA5 model by the ECMWF estimates that the cyclone's central pressure reached a minimum of 900.7 mbar (26.60 inHg) along the edge of the Bellingshausen Sea near Peter I Island at around 06:00 UTC on 17 October. They note that the storm originating in the tropics might have helped the pressure of the cyclone get so low.[1] A subsequent analysis published in Geophysical Research Letters in July 2023 estimated a minimum central pressure of 899.91 mbar (26.574 inHg) at 03:00 UTC 17 October.[2]
Forecasts
In the week preceding the event, ECMWF high-resolution forecast models were "remarkably consistent" in the forecast of a very deep low-pressure system in the Bellingshausen Sea. Minimum pressures were generally in the range of 895–910 mbar (26.4–26.9 inHg).[1] Model runs from the Global Forecast System and various ensemble models also had a consensus of a sub 910 mbar (27 inHg) system.[6]
Records and findings
Most intense extratropical cyclones in the Southern Ocean | |||
---|---|---|---|
Rank | Date | Pressure | Location |
1 | October 2022 | 889.91 mbar (26.279 inHg) | 69°S 98°W / 69°S 98°W |
2 | September 2018 | 910.8 mbar (26.90 inHg) | 70°S 115°W / 70°S 115°W |
3 | September 2022 | 912.11 mbar (26.935 inHg) | 71°S 169°W / 71°S 169°W |
4 | August 1983 | 913.54 mbar (26.977 inHg) | 70°S 151°W / 70°S 151°W |
5 | March 2002 | 914.58 mbar (27.008 inHg) | 70°S 127°W / 70°S 127°W |
Source:[2] |
At peak, the cyclone reached a minimum pressure of around 900 mbar (26.58 inHg), the lowest pressure of an extratropical cyclone since at least the start of the satellite era in 1980. The deepening rate of the cyclone was greater than 93.4% of other extreme cyclones.[2] Research from the Geophysical Research Letters article shows that amount of extreme extratropical cyclones, especially in the Amundsen and Bellingshausen Seas, has significantly increased between 1980 and 2022. Additionally, the southwest Pacific Ocean and the South Atlantic has seen a decrease in extreme cyclones.[2] At least five cyclone in the Southern Ocean have had pressure equal to or less than 914 mbar (27.0 inHg), the same pressure as the Braer Storm.[2][8]
See also
- Weather of 2022
- List of weather records
- List of notable non-tropical pressures over the North Atlantic
- Perfect storm
- Storm Dennis – 920 mbar (27 inHg) extratropical cyclone near Iceland
- Typhoon Tip – Strongest tropical cyclone on record with a pressure of 870 mbar (26 inHg)
- Columbus Day Storm of 1962 and October 2021 Northeast Pacific bomb cyclone – Strongest Pacific Northwest windstorms, both with pressures under 950 mbar (28 inHg)
- 1993 Storm of the Century – Extreme winter storm in March 1993
- November 2014 Bering Sea cyclone – Strongest extratropical cyclone in the Northern Pacific with a pressure of 920 mbar (27 inHg)
- November 2011 Bering Sea cyclone – Similar strength to the November 2014 cyclone
- January 2013 Northwest Pacific cyclone – 936 mbar (27.6 inHg) extratropical cyclone off the coast of Japan in January 2013
References
- ^ a b c d e f Hewson, Tim; Day, Jonathan; Hersbach, Hans (January 2023). "The deepest extratropical cyclone of modern times?". Newsletter. European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
- ^ .
- ^ Rosenberg, Matt (10 April 2020). "The New Fifth Ocean". ThoughtCo. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
- ^ "IHO Publication S-23, Limits of Oceans and Seas, Draft 4th Edition". International Hydrographic Organization. 2002. Archived from the original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
- ^ "IHO Special Publication 23". Korean Hydrographic and Oceanographic Administration. Archived from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
- ^ a b "Record 900 hPa extratropical cyclone surprises meteorologists!". Yourweather.co.uk | Meteored. 19 October 2022. Retrieved 26 November 2022.
- ^ "Pronóstico para la Navegación Marítima en la METAREA-6". Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (in Spanish). 17 October 2022. Archived from the original on 17 October 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
- S2CID 120025537. Retrieved 10 October 2023.