Oltu
Oltu | |
|---|---|
District and municipality | |
 | |
 Map showing Oltu District in Erzurum Province | |
  Oltu Location in Turkey | |
| Coordinates: 40°32′44″N 41°59′45″E / 40.54556°N 41.99583°E | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Erzurum |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Necmettin Taşçı (AKP) |
| Area | 1,441 km2 (556 sq mi) |
| Population (2022)[1] | 30,075 |
| • Density | 21/km2 (54/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |
| Postal code | 25400 |
| Area code | 0442 |
| Climate | Dfb |
| Website | www |
Oltu (Armenian: Օլթի, romanized: Olty; Georgian: ოლთისი, romanized: oltisi) is a municipality and district of Erzurum Province, Turkey.[2] Its area is 1,441 km2,[3] and its population is 30,075 (2022).[1] The mayor is Necmettin Taşçı, from the AKP.
History
An inscription found in Oltu's castle has been dated to the 7th century A.D.(see below), but the settlement is known to have been established much earlier.
In the summer of 1829, the
The Olti Okrug along with the entire Kars Oblast were ceded by the
The primary historical sight in Oltu is the castle,[10] which covers the top of a rocky outcrop. Its walls are fortified by large round towers and salients, including an imposing talus at the southwest.[5] A circuit wall once extended from the outcrop to protect a small adjoining settlement. The medieval fortress is the result of two major periods of construction between the 7th and the 11th centuries; major repairs were undertaken by the Turkish Corps of Engineers in 1977.[5] Atop the north tower are the remains of a Georgian hexaconch church in which a fragment of a 7th-century “bilingual” Greek-Armenian inscription was reused in the foundation. This Georgian church was built sometime between the 9th and 10th centuries.[5] Inside the north tower is the tomb of a Muslim saint, Mişrî Zenūn.[5][10] Late-antique and medieval churches as well as fortresses are located in the hills surrounding the Oltu-Penek valley at Cücürüs, Körolu, Olur, Kamhis, Sağoman, Olan, and nearby Kız.[5]
During the Ottoman period the Arslan Pasa
Demography
In the late 19th century the district of Oltu was mainly Turkish (65% in 1897) while the small town of Oltu was mixed (predominantly Armenian).[13] The district became part of the Russian Empire in 1878. The Russian authorities held a census in 1897 showing that the district of Oltu, including the town, had 31,519 inhabitants of whom 20,719 were Turks (65.7%), 3,505 Kurds (11.1%), 3,125 Armenians (9.9%), 2,704 Greeks (8.6%) and 1,038 Russians (3.3%).[13] In 1897, the town of Oltu had a population of 2,373, which included an Armenian-speaking plurality, and significant Russian and Turkish-speaking minorities.[14] In 1914, the town of Oltu had a population of 3,258, two thirds of whom were Armenians, with the remainder consisting of Turks, Russians, and Roma people among others.[15]
Geography
Oltu is situated in the Oltu Brook Valley, a tributary of the
Oltu is famous for its Oltu stone or Oltu gemstone, known as black amber with dull-bright black color and carved to produce jewelry, rosary beads, key-chains, pipes and boxes.
Climate
| Climate data for Oltu (1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 1.5 (34.7) |
4.0 (39.2) |
9.6 (49.3) |
15.6 (60.1) |
20.7 (69.3) |
26.0 (78.8) |
30.2 (86.4) |
30.8 (87.4) |
26.0 (78.8) |
18.6 (65.5) |
9.9 (49.8) |
3.3 (37.9) |
16.4 (61.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −3.1 (26.4) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
4.2 (39.6) |
9.7 (49.5) |
14.3 (57.7) |
18.7 (65.7) |
22.6 (72.7) |
23.1 (73.6) |
18.4 (65.1) |
12.2 (54.0) |
4.7 (40.5) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
10.3 (50.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −6.9 (19.6) |
−5.5 (22.1) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
4.3 (39.7) |
8.5 (47.3) |
12.1 (53.8) |
15.7 (60.3) |
15.9 (60.6) |
11.5 (52.7) |
6.6 (43.9) |
0.3 (32.5) |
−4.7 (23.5) |
4.8 (40.6) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 14.75 (0.58) |
15.82 (0.62) |
30.12 (1.19) |
47.39 (1.87) |
61.59 (2.42) |
48.21 (1.90) |
38.83 (1.53) |
25.76 (1.01) |
20.3 (0.80) |
30.7 (1.21) |
20.4 (0.80) |
19.61 (0.77) |
373.48 (14.70) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 3.7 | 4.3 | 5.3 | 8.4 | 10.3 | 8.0 | 5.9 | 4.8 | 4.0 | 5.3 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 68.5 |
| Average relative humidity (%)
|
66.5 | 62.7 | 57.9 | 57.3 | 59.3 | 54.5 | 52.2 | 49.9 | 50.4 | 59.5 | 63.4 | 68.2 | 58.5 |
| Source: NOAA[16] | |||||||||||||
Composition
There are 72
- Alatarla
- Arıtaş
- Aşağıçamlı
- Aşağıkumlu
- Aslanpaşa
- Ayvalı
- Ayyıldız
- Bahçecik
- Bahçelikışla
- Ballıca
- Başaklı
- Başbağlar
- Çamlıbel
- Çanakpınar
- Çatak
- Çatalsöğüt
- Çayüstü
- Çengelli
- Cumhuriyet
- Dağdibi
- Damarlıtaş
- Demirtaş
- Derebaşı
- Dokuzdeğirmen
- Duralar
- Elmadüzü
- Erdoğmuş
- Esenyamaç
- Gökçedere
- Günlüce
- Güryaprak
- Güzelsu
- Halitpaşa
- İğdeli
- İnanmış
- İnciköy
- İpekçayırı
- İriağaç
- Kaleboğazı
- Karabekir
- Karataş
- Kayaaltı
- Kemerkaya
- Konukseven
- Küçükorucuk
- Nüğürcük
- Obayayla
- Orucuk
- Özdere
- Sağlıcak
- Sarısaz
- Şehitler
- Şendurak
- Subatuk
- Süleymanlı
- Sülünkaya
- Tekeli
- Toklu
- Topkaynak
- Toprakkale
- Tutlu
- Tutmaç
- Tuzlaköy
- Ünlükaya
- Vişneli
- Yarbaşı
- Yasin Haşimoğlu
- Yaylaçayır
- Yolboyu
- Yukarıçamlı
- Yukarıkumlu
- Yusuf Ziyabey
References
- ^ TÜİK. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
- ^ Büyükşehir İlçe Belediyesi, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
- ^ "İl ve İlçe Yüz ölçümleri". General Directorate of Mapping. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
- ^ Armenian Academy of Sciences, 1986, pp. 527-528.
- ^ ISBN 0-88402-143-2.)
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - ^ Georgian Soviet Encyclopedia, 7th volume.
- OCLC 238471.
By General Milne's arrangement, the Armenian administration was then authorized to expand from Kars into southern Ardahan and eastern Olti, and the rest of the region was placed under the direction of Batum Military Governor Cooke-Collis and his representative at Ardahan, Lieutenant Oliver.
- OCLC 238471.
- )
- ^ ISBN 9780907132325.
- ^ "Historic Russian church in Turkey's Erzurum to be restored". DailySabah. 7 January 2019. Retrieved 2019-01-11.
- ^ Topics, Head (7 January 2019). "Turkey to restore historic Russian church in Erzurum". Head Topics. Retrieved 2019-01-11.
- ^ a b "Демоскоп Weekly - Первая всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи 1897 г. Распределение населения по родному языку и уездам. Российской Империи кроме губерний Европейской России". Демоскоп Weekly. Retrieved 22 April 2015.
- ^ "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved 2022-05-29.
- ^ Кавказский календарь на 1915 год [Caucasian calendar for 1915] (in Russian) (70th ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1915. pp. 303–304. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021.
- ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Oltu". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
- ^ Mahalle, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 12 July 2023.