Erzurum Province

Coordinates: 40°03′47″N 41°34′01″E / 40.06306°N 41.56694°E / 40.06306; 41.56694
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For other uses, see Erzurum Province (disambiguation).
Erzurum Province
Erzurum ili
Province and metropolitan municipality
Location of the province within Turkey
Location of the province within Turkey
CountryTurkey
SeatErzurum
Government
 • MayorMehmet Sekmen (AKP)
 • ValiMustafa Çiftçi
Area
25,006 km2 (9,655 sq mi)
Population
 (2022)[1]
749,754
 • Density30/km2 (78/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+3 (TRT)
Area code0442
Websitewww.erzurum.gov.tr

Erzurum Province (

Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. Its area is 25,006 km2,[2] and its population is 749,754 (2022).[1] The capital of the province is the city of Erzurum. It’s the fourth largest province in all of Turkey. It is bordered by the provinces of Kars and Ağrı to the east, Muş and Bingöl to the south, Erzincan and Bayburt to the west, Rize and Artvin to the north and Ardahan to the northeast. The governor of the province is Mustafa Çiftçi, appointed in August 2023.[3] The province has an overall Turkish-majority.[4]

Geography

The surface area of the province of Erzurum is the fourth biggest in Turkey. The majority of the province is

Allahuekber Mountains. The two depression plains between these mountainous areas are Erzurum Plains and Hasankale Plains. Aras Mountains starts first in Erzurum. Then it extends towards the borders of Ağrı and Kars.[5] Erzurum province is surrounded by Bingöl and Akdoğan
Mountains from the south.

Continental climate rules in the province with long and harsh winters, and short and mild summers.

scots pines and oaks
.

The eastern part of the province lies in the

Çoruh
basin.

There are few natural lakes in the province, the major one being Lake Tortum (approximately 8 km2) fed by the Tortum (Uzundere) Falls. The Tortum hydroelectric power plant built in 1963 is situated on the inlet of this lake. There are three artificial lakes in the province.

Districts

Map showing districts of Erzurum Province.
Tortum River valley, Erzurum Province

History

Öşvank (Oshk Vank) Georgian Monastery church)
See also:
Erzurum Vilayet

Known as Karanitis (

White Sheep Turkmen and the rising Iranian Safavids captured the town in 1502 from the Aq Qoyunlu.[9]

In the Ottoman Empire

In 1514, the region was conquered by the

Jelali Revolts (the uprising of the provincial musketeers called the Celali), backed by Safavid Iran and lasted until 1628. However, Iran would reconquered it again, only this time under Nader Shah in the first half of the 18th century.[citation needed
]

The capture of Erzurum by Ivan Paskevich on 27 June 1829

The Ottomans were routed by the

last Russo-Turkish War
in 1877.

Beginning in late 1914 and picking up in the summer of 1915, the province saw the wholesale extermination of the Armenian population by state-sponsored forces as part of the Armenian genocide.[11]

The province was the site of the major fighting during

Battle of Erzurum which resulted in capture of Erzurum by Russian army[12] under the command of Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich on 16 February 1916. It was returned to the Ottomans with the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in 1918. Erzurum was also a main Turkish base during the Turkish War of Independence and the Erzurum congress
of Turkish nationalists was held here in 1919. It was declared a province of Turkey in 1924.

In Turkey

In September 1935 the third

Democrat Party.[15]

Economy

Historically, Erzurum produced

linseed; as of 1920, annual production of linseed grossed between 1,000 and 1,500 tons.[17] Honey was also produced for local use.[18]

Approximately 18.5% of the total surface area is arable land, of which about 75% has permanent crops. A large portion of the agricultural produce comprises cereals. Forested areas occupy 8.8% of the total surface area, with forestry a local industry. Industries largely consist of manufacturing of forestry, agriculture, husbandry, chemistry, textile and mining products. There are 81 active industrial plants in the province, most of them located at the central district of Erzurum, and are small and medium enterprises. Due to their relatively small sizes, these industries mainly serve local markets causing lower capacity usage, low productivity and unemployment. About 40 plants are currently out of use, mostly due to high operating costs.

The province of Erzurum has the highest ratio of meadows and pastures in Turkey, ideal for livestock. However, once the main occupation,

liberal economy and the importation of animal products. A large organized industrial park concentrating on processing meat is being built with the hope of reviving this sector. Food industries include beekeeping
and trout farming.

Mining resources include

diatomite, marble, rock salt and perlite are also present. The few natural geothermal
resources, except one, are not suitable for economic investments, and they are used as natural springs.

The gross domestic product

GDP
of Erzurum is US$1.16 billion, constituting less than 1% of the total and ranking 40th among Turkish provinces (1997 values).

Transportation is possible via paved and unpaved highways. The Erzurum international airport is open for commercial flights and is also used by the Turkish Air Force. The runways of this airport are the second longest in Turkey. Erzurum is also the main railroad hub in the Eastern Anatolia Region.

The largest contributor to the provincial economy, in recent years, has been Atatürk University, which is also one of the largest universities in Turkey, having more than forty thousand students. Tourist activities, which include skiing, rafting, and mountaineering, also provide a substantial proportion of the province's income. Skiing is centered on Palandöken Mountain.

Places of Interest

Notable people

References

  1. ^
    TÜİK
    . Retrieved 19 September 2023.
  2. ^ "İl ve İlçe Yüz ölçümleri". General Directorate of Mapping. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
  3. ^ "Vali Mustafa ÇİFTÇİ". Erzurum Valiliği. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
  4. ^ Gürses, Mehmet (28 February 2019). Anatomy of a Civil War: Sociopolitical Impacts of the Kurdish Conflict in Turkey. University of Michigan Press. p. 56. Retrieved 20 November 2022.
  5. ^ "Karasu-Aras Dağları'nın güney yamaçlarında Doğubeyazıt bölgesi erken demir çağı yerleşmeleri" (in Turkish). Barış Gür- Amisos. February 26, 2022. p. 1.
  6. ^ a b Smith, William (1852). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (Abacaenum – Hytanis). p. 514. Boston: Little, Brown.
  7. ^ "Erzurum (Theodosiopolis)". Catholic Encyclopedia.
  8. ISBN 90-429-1318-5
  9. ISBN 9789004097384
    .
  10. ISBN 978-1135954949
    p 506
  11. ^ Kévorkian, Raymond. The Armenian Genocide: A History (London: I.B. Tauris, 2011), pp. 289-318.
  12. ISBN 978-0-300-15260-9
    .
  13. ^ a b "Üçüncü Umumi Müfettişliği'nin Kurulması ve III. Umumî Müfettiş Tahsin Uzer'in Bazı Önemli Faaliyetleri". Dergipark. p. 2. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
  14. ISBN 978-1-317-09579-8
    .
  15. ISBN 978-0-521-62096-3
    .
  16. ^ Prothero, W.G. (1920). Armenia and Kurdistan. London: H.M. Stationery Office. p. 60.
  17. ^ Prothero, W.G. (1920). Armenia and Kurdistan. London: H.M. Stationery Office. p. 62.
  18. ^ Prothero, W.G. (1920). Armenia and Kurdistan. London: H.M. Stationery Office. p. 64.
  19. ^ a b Prothero, W.G. (1920). Armenia and Kurdistan. London: H.M. Stationery Office. p. 72.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Erzurum Province.

40°03′47″N 41°34′01″E / 40.06306°N 41.56694°E / 40.06306; 41.56694

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