Origin of Malankara Church of God Thrikkannamangal
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Malankara Church of God Thrikkannamangal is a church in Kottarakkara, Kerala, India, originally known as Malankara Poorna Suvisesha Sabha.
The first "Pentecostals" in the modern sense appeared on the scene in 1901 in the city of Topeka Kansas in Bible school conducted by Charles Fox Parham, a holiness teacher and former Methodist Pastor.The movement began during the first day of 1901 just as the world entered the twentieth century. The first person to be baptized in the Holy Spirit accompanied by speaking in tongues was Agnes Ozman, one of Parham's Bible school students. This made the Pentecostal movement of the twentieth century. This awakening spread rapidly to all parts of America. A three-year revival meeting under leadership of William J. Seymour started at Azusa street mission in Los Angeles from 1906 to 1909 that attracted believers from around the world.
George E. Berg, an Independent American missionary of German descent, went to India in 1901 and returned to the United States in 1908, where he received the Spirit baptism at Azusa street mission in 1908. He came to India accompanied with Lang, Bird, Maynard, Musabai, Arthur and David and proclaimed the first Pentecostal message at Thrikkannamangal during December 1909. In subsequent years, 1910 and 1911, he came with native missionary Cummins, an Anglo Indian and delivered the same message at Thrikkannamangal. Berg went to America in 1912 for world Pentecostal conference and met Missionary Robert F. Cook and both of them came to Bangalore during 1913, extending the Gospel work to South India. Robert F. Cook shifted his headquarters from Bangalore to Thrikkannamangal in 1921. The name given to the Church which he established at Thrikkannamangal was "Malankara Poorna Suvisesha Sabha". This name was changed to Malankara Church of God, Thrikkannamangal during 1984.
Etymology
The name "Malankara" is re-fixed for most of the orthodox churches of
One of the unique points of modern history tied to Thrikkannamangal is that it served as the launching pad for the Pentecostal movements that has now spread throughout India. The American missionaries George E. Berg and Robert F. Cook were received into this place by the late Kalloor John Chacko, one of the patriarchs of the Kalloor family, from the beginning of their work.
Temple Entry proclamation- In 1896, an Ezhava Memorial signed by more than 13,000 representatives of the Hindu Ezhava community of Travancore in Kerala submitted to the government, a praying to be recognized the right of the Ezhavas to enter Temple and Government service jobs; the upper castes Hindus of the state prevailed upon the Maharajah, not to concede the prayer. In dejection, many of the Ezhavas embraced Christianity, making the Christian population of Travancore increase from six lakhs in 1901 to seventeen lakhs by 1931.
Syrian Churches in Kerala
F. E Keay in his book recorded that even before Christ there were trade connections with
He is said to have ordained
Mention is made in the records of the
There was ecclesiastical connection between the church in west Asia and church in Malabar till 16th century. The Bishops who came from a
In AD 1653, after 54 years of subordination to Roman control, the church freed with the
After the arrival of missionaries from
Translation of Bible into Malayalam Language
Till eighteenth century, there was no Malayalam translation of Bible available. Only Syrian and Latin language Bible were available. William Carey translated Bible into four North Indian languages, after his arrival in India in 1793. According to his ambition to translate Bible into more Indian languages, Claudius Buchanan vice principal of Calcutta College and Anglican Church Bishop Benjamin Bailey reached Kerala during 1806. In 1807, he translated four Gospels into Malayalam. One Tamil pandit by the name Thimappa pillai and Manangnaziyathu Philiphose Rabban helped him. It was printed in kuriyar press Bombay. In 1917 Benjamin Bialy started to translate full Bible into Malayalam. For his help Moses, Vaidhyanatha Iyer and Chanthu Menon joined with him. It happened that Chanthu Menon belongs to Ottapalam and his two sons Padmanaba Menon and Govindan kutty Menon received baptism before the completion of translation. They received the name Joseph Fen, Bailey Fen and Baker Fen respectively. In 1824, Bailey printed the "Gospel of Mathew" in CMS press Kottayam. In 1829, New Testament was printed. In 1835, Old Testament was printed. Full Bible was printed in 1841. The Full Bible which we use now was printed in 1910.
Spiritual revival in South India
During the middle of the nineteenth century many of Hindu customs and superstitions prevailed in Christian religious life which consisted of certain ceremonies, rituals and festival offerings were made to saints to avoid calamities and to gain personal affairs. Special festivals were held on the feasts of certain saints and the image of saints was taken in procession to please them and to gain their favor.
Vidhuvankutty Achen found all these superstitions and rituals are against the Bible and conducted revival meetings in and around of Mavelikara, kannettil and all places of Travancore. His talent of singing and revival meetings attracted many people irrespective of denominations and religion. In his meetings many people committed their life for Christ. Everywhere, there arose a revival and people began to sing and dance and rejoice in the Lord. A great revival took place in Syrian Churches. Though we could not agree with his teachings, due to his revival meeting, great awakenings among the Christians happened and many began to read Bible to understand real truth. In 1873, 1119 copies of Bible were sold in Kerala, but in 1874 the number increased to 3034. With this growth of readership of the scripture, the moral standard of Christians grew and they turned away from alcoholism, witchcraft, magic and stealing. People began to spend more time in reading Bible, praying, fasting and many lives were transformed. According to most Rev. Dr. Juhanon Mar Thomas, Vidhuvankutty Achen (Justus Joseph) had a vital role in the Revival movement of the Marthoma Church. The spiritual revival started by a preacher Mathai Upadesi and carried on by Rev. Justus Joseph a famous scholar and musician and a Brahmin convert had its influence throughout the central Travancore. He wrote many Malayalam revival songs. 'Sthuthipin Sthuthipin Yeshu Devane' was written by him, this song is sung every year to conclude the final meeting of the Maramon convention by the congregation. This practice started in 1895 and still continues. He founded the Church called "Youyomaya Sabha". This group made controversial predictions and not flourished progressively.
In December 1894, a well known preacher from Tamil Nadu, known as Tamil David and Wordsworth took over the leadership of the revivalism, visited Kerala preached about salvation at
Spiritual revival in North India
As a consequence of renewed European missionary fervor (beginning in 1897) and enriched by the
Beginning of Pentecost Church
George E. Berg, an independent American missionary of German descent, went to India in 1901, and returned to the United States in 1908, where he received the Spirit of baptism at Azusa street mission in 1908. He returned to India and lived in Bangalore, having it as a center for work. In 1909, he came to Thrikkannamangal accompanied with Brethren missionaries, Land, Bird Maynard, Musabai, Arthur and David. During this convention, Berg spoke about the baptism of Holy Spirit, he received at Azusa Street, but Brethren missionaries opposed it. In 1910, accompanied with Brethren missionaries Noel, David, Grander and Arthur, he came for the convention from 13 to 20 December, and spoke about the baptism of Holy Spirit. Due to strong protest of Brethren missionaries, in 1911, he came along with a native missionary Cummins, an Anglo Indian and conducted convention. In this convention, the main theme was about the baptism of Holy Spirit. Many people accepted the revival message and was baptized with Holy Spirit. During these visits, he visited the place Thuvayur and conducted meetings there, at Brethren church, many Brethren people were anointed with Holy Spirit and received doctrine of Pentecost. Berg went to America during the year 1912 to participate in the world Pentecostal conference conducted in Los Angeles. Robert F. Cook also participated in the conference and he was attracted by the message delivered by Berg in the conference, and took decision to go to India. Next year, in 1913, Berg and Cook reached Bangalore and by the end of December, they started their missionary work; by travelling in train, staying some days at Tirunelveli and by train they reached Kottarakkara and went to Thuvayur in Travancore. Many people were baptized and joined the Church. In 1914, Berg and Cook again visited Kottarakkara and conducted meeting at Thuvayur and many people were baptized. Since the World War I started in 1914, Berg was compelled to return to USA, as he was a German descent.
Beginning of Thrikkannamangal Malankara Church of God
Missionary Cook stayed at Bangalore during the 1st World war time and started his work again in 1917 at Tamil Nadu and Kerala. As a result of his work many people converted and received baptism. He established Churches at Adoor, Vilakudy and Chaliakara estate at Punalur. While working among estate workers of Chaliakara and Ambanad, he had acquaintance with managers of the estate, who were Europeans. By this time he wanted to shift his headquarters from Bangalore to somewhere near Kottarakara. Through the estate managers he came to know one contractor sri Geevargese Koshy, Vadakadathu veedu from Thrikkannamangal and he agreed to give his house for his stay. In 1921, he shifted his headquarters from Bangalore to Villakonathu Bunglow at Thrikkannamangal, Kottarakkara. He made a temporary shed in the compound and started worship, great revival took place. Many people converted and received baptism. Many sick people healed and baptized with Holy Spirit. He named the Church as Malankara Poorna Suvisesha Sabha.
The work progressed, many churches were planted. Many Hindu people received Jesus Christ as their savior and took baptism. Among these, one Hindu blacksmith received baptism known as Paulose, from Thrikkannamangal. At his residence he started a Bible study class and later it was shifted to Mulakuzha in 1926 and now it is known as Mount Zion Bible Seminary. During this time Kalloor John Chacko ( grand father of the author) and his eldest son Thomas laid up with
From 1942 onwards, Ceylon Pentecost Mission (now known as The Pentecost Mission) under the leadership of Pastor Paul and Alvin continued worship at Malankara Poorna Suvisesha Sabha building, Thrikkannamangal and continued till 1946. Pastors of the Church during this period were Vengur Daniel and Chengalam C. Kochukunju. In 1946 they shifted their worship to Pulamon, since they would need more accommodations. From December 1946 onwards, the Malankara Poorna Suvisesha Sabha joined with group of fellowship known as Church of God (Dheiva Sabha) formed by A.R.T. Athisyam, Ashtamudi Oomachen, Kalayapuram Mathaichen, Kuriyannoor Thomachen and Mepral Enoch and continued. This former Pentecost Church at Thrikkannamangal was registered as per societies Act 1955, in 1984 as "Malankara Church of God Thrikkannamngal". This Church has some branch churches in Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
References
- Temple Entry Proclamation- Wikipedia
- Abraham C E, Rev Dr, MA, DD. "Church History" The Christian Literature Society, Malayalam Branch, Tiruvalla, Post Box 501,Park Town. Madras 3, 1966.
- Cairns E. Earle, "Christianity Through the centuries", Zondervan Publishing House, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49530,1996
- Firth C B," An Introduction to Indian Church History "Published for The senate of Serampore College by ISPCK-2000, Post Box 1585, Kashmiri Gate, Delhi 110006.
- George E. Berg Missionary-Chicago Ancestry- "Pentecostal Revival in History"
- Juhanan Mar-Thoma Most Rev, "Christianity in India and brief history of the Marthoma Syrian Church", Marthoma Sabha Directory (1999) Pub.The publication Board of the Marthoma Church, Thiruvalla, Kerala.
- Later Rain falling in the East-"Twentieth Century Pentecostalism in India" and the Debate over speaking in Tongues. www.Highbeam.com-Church History articles-Sep 1999
- Robert Eric Frykenberg, "Christianity in India From beginning to the present" Oxford University Press 2008.
- Simon KV, "History of Brethren Church in Malankara" (Malayalam), A K.V.S, Publication of the Christavashram press, Manganam, Kottayam,1938
- Verghese Dr Habel G, "Ekanayi kalnadayayi"(Malayalam)- the life story of Pastor T K Varghese, Christian Literature Service "Shelter",Paruthipara,Trivandrum- 695015,Kerala,India 2003.
External links