Orion (space telescope)
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The Orion
ultraviolet spectroscopy of stars
.
Orion 1
The Orion 1 space astrophysical observatory was installed in the orbital station
USSR. It was operated in June 1971 by crew member Viktor Patsayev, who thus became the first man to operate a telescope outside the Earth's atmosphere. Spectrograms of stars Vega and Beta Centauri between wavelengths 2000 and 3800 Å were obtained.[1]
Specifications
- Ultraviolet telescope
- Optical system: Mersenne
- Spectrograph: Wadsworth
- Diameter of primary mirror: 280 mm
- Focal length: 1400 mm
- Spectral range: 2000–3800 Å
- Spectral resolution at wavelength 2600 Å: 5 Å
- Film: UFSh 4, width 16 mm, range of sensitivity: 4000–2500 Å, resolution better 130 lines/mm
- Cartridge capacity: 12m
- Stabilization: two-stage, inertial
- First stage: three-axis inertial stabilization of station Salyut 1;
- Fine guidance: via a star with accuracy 15 arcsec on each axis.
- Star sensor: of semi-disk (diameter of input: 70 mm; focal length: 450 mm), limiting stellar magnitude 5m.
- Mass: 170 kg
Orion 2
Orion 2 was installed onboard
Two-photon emission in that planetary nebula and a remarkable star cluster in Auriga were also discovered.[3]
Specifications
- Telescope: meniscus, Cassegrain (-Maksutov) system with an objective prism
- Primary mirror: 300 mm
- Focal length: 1000 mm
- Field of view: 5°
- Registration of spectrograms: film KODAK 103UV, diameter: 110 mm
- Spectral resolution: 8-29 Å at 2000-3000 Å
- Two star sensor sets: each containing a two-coordinate star sensor coaxial to telescope and one-coordinate one, in 45° to telescope axis.
- Two additional sidereal spectrographs.
- Three-axes guidance system accuracy: better than 5 arcsec on two cross-sectional axes of telescope (via star А), and better than 30 arcsec at optical axis (star B)
- Star sensors: input apertures: 80 and 60 mm; focal lengths: 500 and 240 mm; limiting stellar magnitudes: 3.5 and 3.0 m.
- Mass: 240 kg (telescope: 205 kg)
- Mass returned to Earth (cartridges): 4.3 kg
References
- doi:10.1038/239090a0.
- S2CID 4225026.
- doi:10.1086/130041.
- Orion 1 bibliography
- Gurzadyan, G.A; Ohanesyan, J.B. (1972). "Observed Energy Distribution of alpha Lyra and beta Cen at 2000-3800 Å". Nature. 239 (5367): 90. doi:10.1038/239090a0.
- Gurzadyan, G.A. (1972). "A Magnesium Feature in Ultraviolet Stellar Spectra". Sky & Telescope. 43: 350. Bibcode:1972S&T....43..350G.
- Gurzadyan, G.A.; Ohanesyan, J.B. (1972). "Spectrograms of alpha Lira and beta Cen in the region of 2000-3800A". Space Science Reviews. 13 (4–6): 647–650. S2CID 120377893.
- Gurzadyan, G. A.; Ohanesyan, J. B. (1972). "The Use of Synchrotron Radiation in the Energy Calibration of Astronomical Apparatus". Space Science Reviews. 13 (4–6): 642–646. S2CID 122182619.
- Gurzadyan, G.A., 1972 On One Principle of Operation of Orbital Observatory by a Cosmonaut, Commun. Byurakan Obs, vol.XLV, p. 5.
- Gurzadyan, G.A., Harutyunian, E.A., 1972 Orbital Astrophysical Observatory Orion, Commun. Byurakan Obs., vol.XLV, p. 12.
- Gurzadyan, G. A.; Ohanesyan, J. B. (1972). "Ultraviolet absorption lines in the spectrum of Vega". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 20: 321. Bibcode:1972A&A....20..321G.
- Gurzadyan, G. A. (1973). "1977 Space astronomy". Vestnik Akad. Nauk SSSR. 6: 66–74. Bibcode:1973VeSSR...6...66G.
- Oberg, J (1977). "Notes on Soviet space astronomy". Sky and Telescope. 53: 92. Bibcode:1977S&T....53...92O.
- Orion 2 bibliography
- Gurzadyan, G.A. (1974). "Ultraviolet spectra of Capella". Nature. 250 (5463): 204–205. S2CID 4225026.
- Gurzadyan, G.A. (1974). "On the Possibility of Spectral Classification of Stars by their Ultraviolet Spectrograms". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 35: 493. Bibcode:1974A&A....35..493G.
- Gurzadyan, G.A. (1974). "A Group of Ultraviolet Stars in Auriga". The Observatory. 94: 293. Bibcode:1974Obs....94..293G.
- Gurzadyan, G. A. (1974). "An interesting ultraviolet star discovered by Orion-2". Astrophysics. 10 (3): 236–240. S2CID 123076416.
- Gurzadyan, G.A. (1975). "Orion-2: First Scientific Results". Space Science Reviews. 18 (1): 95–139. S2CID 122878633.
- Gurzadyan, G.A.; Rustambekova, S.S. (1975). "Silicon-rich stellar envelope?". Nature. 254 (5498): 311–312. S2CID 4197408.
- Gurzadyan, G.A. (1975). "Ultraviolet Chromospheric Lines in the Spectra of Late-Type Stars". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 172 (3): 617–621. .
- Gurzadyan, G.A. (1975). "Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry of the Emission Star SAO 0400183". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 39: 213. Bibcode:1975A&A....39..213G.
- Gurzadyan, G.A. (1975). "The Ultraviolet Spectrum of Planetary Nebula IC 2149". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 172: 249–256. .
- Gurzadyan, G.A. (1975). "Ultraviolet Continuous spectra of gamma Cassiopea". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 40: 447–450. Bibcode:1975A&A....40..447G.
- Gurzadyan, G. A. (1975). "Orion 2: first scientific results". Vestnik Akad. Nauk SSSR. 1: 13–24. Bibcode:1975VeSSR...1...13G.
- Gurzadyan, G.A. (1976). "Two-photon emission in planetary nebula IC 2149". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 88: 891. doi:10.1086/130041.
- Gurzadyan, G.A.; Jarakyan, A.L.; Krmoyan, M.N.; Kashin, A.L.; Loretsyan, G.M.; Ohanesyan, J.B. (1976). "Space astrophysical observatory Orion-2". Astrophysics and Space Science. 40 (2): 393–446. S2CID 119454166.
- Gurzadyan, G. A. (1977). "A high-power orbital telescope: What a telescope with a three-meter mirror carried into space can give to science". Vestnik Akad. Nauk SSSR. 12: 80–90. Bibcode:1977VeSSR..12...80G.
- Gurzadyan, G. A., Ultraviolet observations of planetary nebulae, Planetary nebulae. Observations and theory, Proc. IAU Symp.76, Ed.Y.Terzian, p. 79, Dordrecht, D.Reidel Publ., 1978.
- Gurzadyan, G.A. (1979). "Ultraviolet Spectra of Planetary Nebulae". Vistas in Astronomy. 23 (1): 45–67. .
- Ambartsumian V.A. (ed) Gurzadyan, G.A.; Raushenbach, B.V.; Feoktistov, K.P.; Klimuk, P.I.; Lebedev, V.V.; Maksimenko, A.P.; Gorshkov, K.A.; Savchenko, S.A.; Baryshnikov, G.K.; Pachomov, A.I.; Antonov, V.V.; Kashin, A.L.; Loretsian, G.M.; Gasparyan, O.N.; Chabrov, G.I.; Ohanesian, J.B.; Tsybin, S.P.; Rustambekova, S.S.; Epremian, R.A. Observatory in space "SOYUZ-13"-"ORION-2" . "Mashinostroenie" Publ, Moscow, 1984 (monograph, in Russian).
- Gurzadyan G.A, Ohanesyan, J.B., Rustambekova, S.S. & Epremian, R.A., Catalogue of 900 Faint Star Ultraviolet Spectra, Publ. Armenian Acad. Sci, Yerevan, 1985.
- Oberg, J (1977). "Notes on Soviet space astronomy". Sky & Telescope. 53: 92. Bibcode:1977S&T....53...92O.
- Abt, H.A. (1978). "Spectral types in Gurzadyan's clustering in Auriga". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 90: 555. doi:10.1086/130383.
- Furniss, T., Manned Spaceflight Log, Jane's, London, 1986.
- Davies, J. K., Astronomy from Space, PRAXIS Publishing, Chichester, 2002.
External links
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