Ottoman cruiser Berk-i Satvet
One of the two Peyk-i Şevket-class cruisers
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History | |
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Ottoman Empire | |
Ordered | 18 January 1903 |
Builder | Germaniawerft, Kiel |
Laid down | February 1906 |
Launched | 1 December 1906 |
Acquired | 13 November 1907 |
Commissioned | November 1907 |
Stricken | 1944 |
Fate | Broken up for scrap, 1953–1955 |
General characteristics | |
Class and type | Peyk-i Şevket-class cruiser |
Displacement | 775 long tons (787 t) |
Length | 80 m (262 ft 6 in) |
Beam | 8.4 m (27 ft 7 in) |
Draft | 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in) |
Installed power |
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Propulsion |
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Speed | 21 knots (39 km/h; 24 mph) |
Range | 3,240 nmi (6,000 km; 3,730 mi) |
Complement | 105 |
Armament |
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Berk-i Satvet was a
After the Ottoman Empire entered
Design
Berk-i Satvet, classified as a
Berk-i Satvet's primary offensive armament was her three 450 mm (17.7 in)
Service history
Berk-i Satvet was ordered on 18 January 1903 and laid down in February 1906 at the
Balkan Wars
Berk-i Satvet was transferred to the
In the aftermath of the action around Bozcaada, the Ottoman Army became convinced that it could recapture the island from the Greeks with a small contingent of troops, and so planning began for an
On 4 February 1913, Berk-i Satvet bombarded Bulgarian positions at Şarköy on the northern coast of the Sea of Marmara in preparation for an amphibious assault.[8] Four days later, the Ottoman navy returned to support the landing at Şarköy. Turgut Reis and Barbaros Hayreddin, along with two small cruisers provided artillery support to the right flank of the invading force once it went ashore. The ships were positioned about one kilometer off shore, with Berk-i Satvet leading the line, which also included Mecidiye and the pre-dreadnought battleships Barbaros Hayreddin and Turgut Reis. The Bulgarian army resisted fiercely, which ultimately forced the Ottoman army to retreat, though the withdrawal was successful in large part due to the gunfire support from the fleet. Berk-i Satvet and Mecidiye covered the left flank while the two battleships supported the left during the evacuation. In the course of the operation, Berk-i Satvet had fired eighty-four 105 mm shells.[9]
On 9 March, Berk-i Satvet joined a sweep toward Imbros, an island in the Aegean Sea at the entrance to the Gulf of Saros; she briefly engaged a pair of Greek destroyers and stopped a steamer flying under the French flag. The vessel, which appeared to be supplying Bulgarian forces, was taken as a prize by the destroyer Yarhisar.[10] Later in March, she again escorted Barbaros Hayreddin and Turgut Reis in the Black Sea, while the two battleships bombarded Bulgarian troops that were attempting to breach the line of defenses at Çatalca.[11] On 13 April, Berk-i Satvet joined a fleet consisting of Barbaros Hayreddin, Turgut Reis, Âsâr-ı Tevfik, and several smaller warships. The ships sortied out of the Dardanelles and encountered a Greek fleet. After a brief engagement at extreme range, the Ottomans and Greeks withdrew to the Dardanelles and Imbros, respectively.[10]
World War I
In late July 1914,
Berk-i Satvet sortied with her sister and Yavuz Sultan Selim on 5 December to provide distant support to a troop convoy headed to
Later career
The ship was renamed Berk in 1923 following the end of the
Notes
- ^ Fleets of the World, p. 140.
- ^ Langensiepen & Güleryüz, p. 148.
- ^ a b c d Lyon, p. 392.
- ^ Langensiepen & Güleryüz, pp. 14, 149, 197.
- ^ Beehler, p. 12.
- ^ Langensiepen & Güleryüz, pp. 22, 25.
- ^ Langensiepen & Güleryüz, pp. 22–23.
- ^ Langensiepen & Güleryüz, p. 25.
- ^ Erickson, pp. 266–270.
- ^ a b Langensiepen & Güleryüz, p. 24.
- ^ Erickson, p. 288.
- ^ Langensiepen & Güleryüz, pp. 27–30, 45.
- ^ Langensiepen & Güleryüz, p. 46.
- ^ Halpern, p. 228.
- ^ Langensiepen & Güleryüz, p. 54.
- ^ Langensiepen & Güleryüz, pp. 59, 90, 149.
- ^ Langensiepen & Güleryüz, p. 149.
References
- Beehler, William Henry (1913). The History of the Italian-Turkish War: September 29, 1911, to October 18, 1912. Annapolis: United States Naval Institute.
- Erickson, Edward J. (2003). Defeat in Detail: The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912–1913. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-275-97888-4.
- Fleets of the World: 1915. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company. 1915. OCLC 8418713.
- Halpern, Paul G. (1994). A Naval History of World War I. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-55750-352-7.
- Langensiepen, Bernd & Güleryüz, Ahmet (1995). The Ottoman Steam Navy 1828–1923. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 978-0-85177-610-1.
- Lyon, Hugh (1979). "Turkey". In Gardiner, Robert (ed.). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905. London: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 388–394. ISBN 978-0-85177-133-5.