Paolo Andreani
Paolo Andreani | |
---|---|
Born | 27 May 1763 |
Died | 11 May 1823 | (aged 59)
Nationality | Italian |
Known for | First balloon flight in Italy |
Parent(s) | Giovanni Pietro Paolo Andreani and Clementine Sormani |
Paolo Andreani (27 May 1763 – 11 May 1823) was an Italian who made the first balloon flight over Italian soil. He also made an exploration around the Great Lakes in North America.
Life
Andreani was born in Milan on 27 May 1763. His father was Giovanni Pietro Paolo Andreani (1705–1772) and his mother, Clementine Sormani (1733–1763). His father's family can be traced back to the aristocracy of the 13th century, and he was made a Count in 1748.[2] Andreani was the last of the children and they were left without a father in 1772, when they were placed in the care of a guardian.[3]
Andreani's wide range of interests started at an early age.
In 1792, Andreani was elected as a member to the American Philosophical Society in Philadelphia.[8]
Flight
The first unmanned balloon flight seen by Andreani took place in 1784 when a hot air balloon built by the Gerli brothers rose a few metres into the air.[9] The small balloon had been built by the three Gerli brothers, who were skilled builders and engineers. Andreani offered to commission a larger balloon. Thanks to its diameter of 23 metres (75 ft), Andreani made the first balloon flight when he was only 20. The paper-lined cloth balloon had a wickerwork passenger carrier. The hot air was created by burning birch wood, alcohol, and turpentine. The balloon took less than four weeks to make and weighed about 1,300 kilograms (2,900 lb) when it was fuelled and had three passengers aboard. The first flight took place on 25 February 1784 when Andreani, Agostino Gerli and Charles Gerli flew for 25 minutes without incident.[10]
A public demonstration was arranged for 13 March 1784 at the Villa Sormani in Moncucco (now part of the modern city of Brugherio).[11] Joseph II, the Holy Roman Emperor was invited to watch, but he reportedly declined the invitation as he did not want to witness a suicide. Instead, the Emperor encouraged the cancellation of the flight.[12] Despite the Emperor's assessment, a crowd of nobility and intellectuals gathered to witness Andreani and two local farmers ascend to a height of 1,537 metres (5,043 ft) whilst the balloon travelled a distance of 8 kilometres (5.0 mi).[10]
On March 28 Andreani received a standing ovation at La Scala. The Emperor joined in the celebrations by arranging for a medal to be struck to commemorate the event. Andreani appears on one side of the medal, and on the other is his balloon.[1] In September 1784, the first hydrogen balloon ascent in Britain took place and the aeronaut was another Italian, Vincenzo Lunardi.[13]
Explorer
Andreani was now a recognized aeronaut but he also became known as a traveller and explorer. He met the geologist
Andreani wrote an account of his later journey from Milan to Paris in 1784. In 1790 he set out on a five-year mission to explore lands between the United States and Canada. He went with letters of introduction to
Andreani also wrote about meeting German, Dutch, Shakers, Iroquois, and Anglo New Yorkers. His reports on the Oneida include an illustration which is thought to be the first recorded picture of a lacrosse stick.[17] The notes that he made are extant. They have been translated, annotated, edited, and republished in 1996[18] and 2006.[17] Andreani was elected to membership in the American Philosophical Society, an eminent scholarly organization of international reputation, on January 20, 1792.[16]
Back to Europe
Andreani returned to Europe between 1810 and 1812[19] via the Caribbean with the intention of returning to Lombardy. He had hoped to find a cure for the paralysis of his legs, but his plans were thwarted by his debtors and he was suspected by the Austrians of having sympathy for the ideals of the Enlightenment and the United States. He died on May 11, 1823, now totally disabled and in dire circumstances, as an expatriate in Nice (where he had moved in 1817).[20]
References
- ^ a b Commemorative Medal, icollectors.com, Retrieved 5 August 2015
- ^ Andreani Family, lombardiabeniculturali.it, Retrieved 6 August 2015
- ISBN 8881552027.
- ^ "Interessi scientifici a parte, Paolo non tarda a palesarne altri più terreni, per le donne e il gioco, tanto da divenire già in giovane età un personaggio da cronache rosa"
- ^ G. Dicorato. Paolo Andreani aeronauta, esploratore, scienziato nella Milano dei Lumi (1763–1823) (in Italian). p. 21.
- ^ G. Dicorato. Paolo Andreani aeronauta, esploratore, scienziato nella Milano dei Lumi (1763–1823) (in Italian). p. 23.
- ^ Lighter than Air The Montgolfier Brothers, University of Bristol, Retrieved 5 August 2015
- ^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 2021-04-05.
- ^ Giuseppe Dicorato, Paolo Andreani – Aeronauta, esploratore, scienziato nella Milano dei Lumi (1763–1823), p. 63.
- ^ a b Paolo Andreani (1763–1823), Grandi Personaggi, Retrieved 5 August 2015
- ^ Giuseppe Dicorato, Paolo Andreani – Aeronauta, esploratore, scienziato nella Milano dei Lumi (1763–1823), Milano, Edizioni Ares, 2001, p. 67.
- ^ G. Dicorato, Paolo Andreani – Aeronauta, esploratore, scienziato nella Milano dei Lumi (1763–1823), pp. 90-91.
- ^ Elizabeth Baigent, 'Lunardi, Vincenzo (1759–1806)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2009 accessed 5 Aug 2015
- ^ a b Faujas-de-St.-Fond (cit., Barthélemy) (1799). Travels in England, Scotland, and the Hebrides: Undertaken for the Purpose of Examining the State of the Arts, the Sciences, Natural History and Manners, in Great Britain: … In Two Volumes with Plates. Translated from the French of B. Faujas Saint-Fond, ... James Ridgway.
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 205–206.
- ^ a b Ernest Hatch Wilkins (1959). The Invention of the Sonnet and Other Studies in Italian Literature. Ed. di Storia e Letteratura. pp. 296–. GGKEY:TYA13BN93T2.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-8122-3914-0.)
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has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - ^ ISBN 978-0-8156-0410-5.
- ^ G. Dicorato, Paolo Andreani aeronauta, esploratore, scienziato nella Milano dei Lumi (1763–1823), p. 265.
- ^ G. Dicorato, Paolo Andreani aeronauta, esploratore, scienziato nella Milano dei Lumi (1763–1823). Edizioni Ares, Milano (2001), pp. 273, 283.
External links
- Media related to Paolo Andreani at Wikimedia Commons