Parmehutu
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Party of the Hutu Emancipation Movement Parti du Mouvement de l'Emancipation Hutu | |
|---|---|
| Abbreviation | Parmehutu |
| Founder | |
| Political position | Far-right[2] |
| Party flag | |
.svg) | |
The Party of the Hutu Emancipation Movement (French: Parti du Mouvement de l'Emancipation Hutu, Parmehutu), also known as the Republican Democratic Movement – Parmehutu (Mouvement démocratique républicain – Parmehutu, MDR-Parmehutu), was a political party in Rwanda. The movement emphasised the right of the majority ethnicity to rule and asserted the supremacy of Hutus over Tutsis. It was the most important party of the "Hutu Revolution" of 1959–61 that led to Rwanda becoming an independent republic and Hutus superseding Tutsis as the ruling group.[1]
History
The party was founded by Grégoire Kayibanda in June 1957 as the Hutu Social Movement, a party of Hutu nationalists who fought for the emancipation of the "oppressed" Hutu majority.[3] It was renamed on 25 September 1959, and dominated the local elections in 1960, winning 2,390 of 3,125 elected communal council seats and 160 of 229 burgomasters.[4]
In 1961,
Under the Parmehutu rule, Tutsis were severely discriminated against, persecuted, and repeatedly massacred,
In the
Electoral history
Presidential Elections
| Election | Party candidate | Votes | % | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1965 | Grégoire Kayibanda | 1,236,654 | 100% | Elected 
|
| 1969 | 1,426,159 | 100% | Elected
|
Chamber of Deputies elections
| Election | Party leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Position | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1961 | Grégoire Kayibanda | 974,329 | 77.6% | 35 / 44
|
 35
|
1st
|
Supermajority government |
| 1965 | 1,231,788 | 100% | 47 / 47
|
12
|
 1st
|
Sole legal party | |
| 1969 | 1,426,701 | 100% | 47 / 47
|
|
1st
|
Sole legal party |
See also
- National Revolutionary Movement for Development(MRND)
References
- ^ a b c Niesen, Peter (2013). Political party bans in Rwanda 1994–2003: three narratives of justification. Routledge. p. 113.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ^ http://tesi.luiss.it/24464/1/081612_ZANETTA%20BRANDONI_VERONI.pdf
- ^ "Rwanda - Rwanda under German and Belgian control | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2022-03-31.
- ^ Somerville, Keith (2012). Radio Propaganda and the Broadcasting of Hatred: Historical Development and Definitions. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 164.
- ^ Mckinney, Stephanie L. (2012). Narrating genocide on the streets of Kigali. Routledge. pp. 160–161.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - )
- ^ Somerville, p.167
Further reading
- Saur, Léon (2009). "La frontière ethnique comme outil de conquête du pouvoir: le cas du Parmehutu". Journal of Eastern African Studies. 3 (2): 303–316. S2CID 144820711.