Paul Citroen
Paul Citroen | |
---|---|
Born | |
Died | 13 March 1983 | (aged 86)
Nationality | Dutch |
Notable work | Metropolis, postage stamps |
Relatives | Sanne Ledermann (niece) |
Roelof Paul Citroen (15 December 1896 – 13 March 1983) was a German-born Dutch artist, art educator and co-founder of the New Art Academy in Amsterdam. Among his best-known works are the photo-montage Metropolis and the 1949 Dutch postage stamps.
Biography
Early life
Citroen was born and grew up in a middle-class family in Berlin to Hendrik Roelof Citroen (1865–1932), a Dutch Jew from Amsterdam while his mother, Ellen Philippi (1872–1945), was from a Berlin Jewish family.[1] His father owned a fur shop and passed away in Berlin just before the onset of Nazi Germany while his mother died due to illness at the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp. His sister Ilse Citroen (died with her husband at the Auschwitz concentration camp) was the mother of Sanne Ledermann, a friend of Anne Frank. At an early age, Citroen began drawing, provoking strong support from his parents. He soon started to experiment with photography with Erwin Blumenfeld and studied art in Berlin.
As a painter, he was a Dadaist. As a visual artist in photography, he used the Bauhaus Style of physical portraits, many times with the subject peering intensely into the camera.[2]
In 1919 Citroen began studying at the
Citroen's work was included in the 1939 exhibition and sale Onze Kunst van Heden (Our Art of Today) at the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam.[4]
Later life
He soon started up the Nieuwe Kunstschool (New Art School) with Charles Roelofsz. It ran out of money and closed down in 1937. That year, Citroen became a
Among his many students are Kees Bol,[6] Madeleine Gans,[6] Henk Hartog,[6] and Jos Zeegers.[6] He designed his monumental postage stamps in 1949. In 1960 he stopped teaching and started painting portraits as his main focus. He painted portraits of famous Dutch people, including a well-known portrait of Liesbeth List in 1979.
Paul Citroen died in 1983 in Wassenaar.
Public collections
- Gemeentemuseum Den Haag
- Hermann-Hesse-Museum, Calw
- Literatuurmuseum, Den Haag
- Museum De Fundatie, Zwolle
- Rijksmuseum Amsterdam
- Leiden University LibrariesPrentenkabinet
- Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam
- MoMA, New York
- Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
- Art Institute of Chicago
References
- ^ "Joods Historisch Museum - Joods Cultureel Kwartier". jck.nl.
- ^ "Charles Roelofsz, (1931) by Paul Citroen". www.artgallery.nsw.gov.au.
- Leiden University Libraries. Retrieved 10 April 2024.
- ^ "Onze kunst van heden, 1939 -". Beeldend BeNeLux Elektronisch (Lexicon). Retrieved 29 December 2020.
- ^ "The Righteous Among the Nations Database".
- ^ a b c d "Discover painter, watercolorist, draftsman Paul Citroen". rkd.nl.
- Answers - The Most Trusted Place for Answering Life's Questions
- Paul Citroen (1896-1983)
- Discover painter, watercolorist, draftsman Paul Citroen
External links
Media related to Paul Citroen at Wikimedia Commons