Paul E. Patton
Paul Patton | |
---|---|
Brereton Jones | |
Succeeded by | Ernie Fletcher |
Chair of the National Governors Association | |
In office July 16, 2002 – August 19, 2003 | |
Preceded by | John Engler |
Succeeded by | Dirk Kempthorne |
51st Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky | |
In office December 10, 1991 – December 12, 1995 | |
Governor | Brereton Jones |
Preceded by | Brereton Jones |
Succeeded by | Steve Henry |
Judge/Executive of Pike County | |
In office January 4, 1982 – December 10, 1991 | |
Preceded by | Wayne Rutherford |
Succeeded by | Stirl Eddie Harris[1] |
Personal details | |
Born | Paul Edward Patton May 26, 1937 Fallsburg, Kentucky, U.S. |
Political party | Democratic |
Spouse(s) | Carol Cooley Judi Conway |
Education | University of Kentucky (BS) |
Paul Edward Patton (born May 26, 1937) is an American politician who served as the 59th
After graduating from the
Four years later, Patton was elected Governor, over
Early life and education
Patton was born in
After high school, Patton attended the University of Kentucky. During the spring of 1956, he was initiated into the
Career
Coal industry
In 1959, after graduation, Patton began work as a day laborer picking slate for the Sizemore Mining Corporation that was owned by his father-in-law.
Patton was regarded as more moderate than most coal operators, in his relationship to
On October 18, 1976, Patton filed for divorce from Carol Cooley, saying only that their marriage was irretrievably broken.[3] The divorce was final on February 25, 1977.[3] Later that year, Patton married Judi Jane Conway of Pikeville, a secretary at his Kentucky Elkhorn mine.[3] In 1973, Conway had divorced her first husband, Bill Harvey Johnson, with whom she had two children.[3]
Politics
Patton was introduced to politics by State Senator Kelsey Friend, who arranged for Patton to be a delegate to the
As the coal boom began to wane, Patton sold most of his coal interests in 1978.[3] After a meeting with allies of his friend First District Congressman Carroll Hubbard in Madisonville on September 20, 1978, Patton considered a run for governor in 1979.[11] However, he subsequently decided that he lacked the time to organize a campaign before the May primary election; a letter leaked to The Paducah Sun showed that he believed he was losing Hubbard's support.[11] He joined Terry McBrayer's campaign, during the primary, and after McBrayer lost, he worked to elect John Y. Brown Jr., the Democratic nominee.[12] Brown won the election, and Patton was appointed deputy secretary of transportation.[5] He served only three months, before resigning to protest Brown's proposal for a coal severance tax.[3]
In late 1981, Brown asked Patton to become vice-chair of the Kentucky Democratic Party.[13] He would serve under Dale Sights of Henderson.[13] Brown then informed Patton that there had been a change of plans: he had decided to appoint his father, former U.S. Representative John Y. Brown Sr. to the chair, instead of Sights.[13] Brown's advisers convinced him that this would be politically damaging; finally, Brown appointed Patton chair, with June Taylor, daughter of former governor Ruby Laffoon, as vice-chair.[14] The announcement was a surprise to most political observers, as Sights had been the odds-on favorite for the chairmanship.[14] Patton served as chairman until 1983.[7] During his tenure, he learned much about politics from Taylor and was introduced to Andrew "Skipper" Martin of Louisville, who would later become an important adviser and ally.[14]
Pike County judge/executive
In 1981, Patton ran for county judge/executive of Pike County.[7] On the way to a victory in the Democratic primary, he outspent incumbent Wayne Rutherford $191,252 to $49,000.[3] In the general election, he garnered more than 75 percent of the vote against Republican challenger Jim Polley.[7]
Within six months of his election, Patton instituted the state's first mandatory, county-wide garbage collection program, to combat
In his second term, Patton initiated an
In 1987, Patton ran for Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky.[2] In a crowded primary, his 130,713 votes placed him third, behind Brereton Jones (189,058 votes) and Attorney General David L. Armstrong (147,718 votes), but ahead of state senator David Boswell and Superintendent of Public Instruction Alice McDonald.[16] In the most expensive primary in Kentucky history, at that point, Patton spent more than $2 million of his personal fortune, but he was outspent by Jones, who committed more than $3 million to the campaign.[16] By comparison, Martha Layne Collins had spent $140,000 to win the office in 1979 and Steve Beshear $250,000 to win it in 1983.[17]
Following his defeat, Patton returned to Pike County. In 1989 he was re-elected for a third term as judge/executive, receiving over 70 percent of the vote in a three-way Democratic primary and subsequently winning the general election by nearly a three-to-one margin.
Lieutenant governor
Patton sought the office of lieutenant governor, again, in 1991.
In the general election, Patton faced Republican Eugene Goss.[20] Goss criticized Patton for announcing that, if elected, he would seek the governor's office at the expiration of his term.[21] Goss insisted that he would not seek the governorship, if elected, and he maintained that using the lieutenant governor's post as a stepping stone to the governor's office was a betrayal of the office and its authority.[21] Goss ran an unorthodox campaign, limiting individual contributions to his campaign to $300 and refusing to run television commercials.[21] Patton went on to a lopsided victory in the general election, winning 514,023 votes to Goss's 250,857.[20]
Upon his election as lieutenant governor, Patton resigned his office as Pike County judge-executive. While presiding over the Senate in the 1991 legislative session, Patton voted against a
In November 1991, Governor Brereton Jones appointed Patton as secretary of economic development, making Patton the first lieutenant governor to serve as an appointed cabinet secretary.[5] In this capacity, he encouraged the use of tax incentives to bring new industry to the state.[3] Bill Bishop, a journalist for the Lexington Herald-Leader, criticized these incentives, saying that Patton, too often, used them to attract low-wage jobs.[23] In response, Patton wrote a series of essays. While he never published them in the newspaper, he later compiled them into a book entitled Kentucky's Approach to Economic Development.[23] He also reorganized Kentucky economic development efforts, securing the adoption of four new development incentive programs and establishing the Kentucky Economic Development Partnership.[5]
1995 gubernatorial election
At the expiration of his term as lieutenant governor in 1995, Patton announced his candidacy for governor. The 1995 gubernatorial election was novel, in several ways, following a 1992 constitutional amendment. It was the first election in Kentucky history in which the governor and lieutenant governor were elected as a
Patton chose
Patton entered the general election as a perceived underdog.
Patton's opponent, Republican
Governor of Kentucky
First term (1995–1999)
Though Patton had ambitions to enact education reform, early in his administration, his financial adviser, James R. Ramsey, convinced him to propose a conservative budget in the first legislative session. The two developed a plan to modernize the state government, making it more efficient. State employees were leery of increased efficiency, believing it was a code word for cutting state jobs. Patton dispelled this notion, by promising no involuntary layoffs. Patton also anticipated difficulty persuading legislators to invest an estimated $100 million in equipment and processes to realize improved efficiency. However, when economists projected a budget surplus for 1996, Patton agreed to invest half of it in capital projects, in exchange for using the other half for measures to improve government efficiency. Patton formed an Office for Technology and made improvements in the compatibility and interoperability of the state's computer systems that were recommended by his son, Chris. Investments of $23.3 million yielded a return of $300 million in state revenue. By the time Patton's efficiency program was fully implemented, the state was realizing an annual return of 75 cents for every dollar initially invested.[27]
In December 1996, Patton called a special legislative session to consider the issue of
Education reform
In the 1997 legislature, Patton began his mission of reforming the state's system of higher education.
While supported by the state's smaller, regional universities, House Bill 1 immediately drew the ire of University of Kentucky president
In addition to this victory, Patton also secured passage of other higher education measures. In the 1998 legislative session, he proposed a $100 million bond issue to fund the Research Challenge Trust Fund, a fund that the state's universities could tap to hire researchers for special projects. The program, later nicknamed "Bucks for Brains,” required the universities to
Patton's education reforms were not confined to higher education. He also sought to make changes to the Kentucky Education Reform Act (KERA) that would mollify its critics, without gutting the law, itself. One of the major complaints, regarding KERA, was the inability to compare the scores to those from other states, to determine progress relative to the rest of the nation. Opponents of KERA in the Senate passed a bill to eliminate the testing, until something better could be implemented. In the House, a more moderate measure was advanced, which added a component to the testing system that would allow students to be compared to national norms. Patton supported the House version of the bill, which ultimately emerged from the
The passage of his higher education reforms led to Patton becoming the chairman of the Southern Regional Education Board from 1997 to 1998. In 1999, he was chosen chairman of the Education Commission of the States. Other educational organizations, then, sought Patton's leadership; he chaired the National Education Goals Panel and was chosen by the U.S. Secretary of Education to lead a commission to study the high-school senior year.[39]
In the 1998 legislative session, the state enjoyed a $200 million budget surplus. Patton was able to distribute this surplus to legislative allies, giving him substantial leverage for his proposals. As one legislative leader opined, "Money buys a lot of silence."[40] Legislators were also reluctant to oppose the administration for fear that Patton would be re-elected in 1999. Consequently, Patton was able to gain approval of a very ambitious legislative agenda in 1998, including tougher criminal laws, improved economic development, reform for Medicaid, and further reform of the higher-education system.[41] Patton also used some of the budget surplus to provide computers for public classrooms. Because of Patton's commitment to education, Kentucky was the first state in the nation to have every public school classroom wired to the Internet. Once this was accomplished, Patton charged his education secretary, Ed Ford, with developing the Kentucky Virtual High School, a system of distance education that would allow students in smaller high schools in Kentucky to have access to courses in foreign languages and other subjects offered only at larger high schools. The virtual high school was brought online m, in January 2000.[42]
The last plank in Patton's education platform was the improvement of adult education. This issue allowed him to work with a political foe, Republican senator David L. Williams, who had been pushing for additional resources for adult education since 1997. In 1998, Patton personally chaired a task force on adult education, and 18 months later, the task force's recommendations were incorporated into a bill sponsored by Williams. The bill, which increased and equalized funding and tied continuing funds to successful performance by individual adult-education programs, passed both houses of the General Assembly, unanimously. By 2003, the number of adults completing their GED rose by 17 percent, and the number of GED recipients who matriculated to college rose from 13 percent to 18 percent.[43]
Criminal justice reform
Also on Patton's agenda was a reformation of Kentucky's juvenile justice system. Under Brereton Jones, because of its system of housing and treating juvenile offenders, Kentucky had been one of only two states unable to qualify for federal grants. Among the problems cited by the Department of Justice were abuse of juveniles by state employees and failure to hold juvenile and adult offenders separately from each other. Governor Jones entered into a consent decree, to ameliorate the situation, but his term expired before he could meaningfully address the terms of the decree. Patton went beyond the terms of the decree by implementing mandatory training for state employees who dealt with juvenile offenders and by setting up a hotline for juveniles to report abuse, anonymously. He shifted the responsibility for housing juveniles from local communities to the state, constructing nine new juvenile detention centers. In January 2001, Attorney General Janet Reno proclaimed Kentucky's juvenile justice system a model for the nation.[44]
Patton did not stop with the juvenile justice system, however. He encouraged passage of a bill that required that violent offenders serve at least 85 percent of their sentences (up from the 50 percent previously mandated), while requiring that judges consider home incarceration for first-time, non-violent offenders. The bill also allowed judges to sentence criminals to life without parole; previously, life without parole for 25 years had been the harshest non-capital sentence. The bill passed the legislature in 1999.[45]
1999 gubernatorial election
Due to the constitutional amendment enacted under previous governor Brereton Jones, Patton became the first governor in more than 200 years eligible to succeed himself in office. James Garrard had served consecutive terms in 1796 and 1800, but the Kentucky Constitution of 1799 barred any future governor from being elected to consecutive terms. In 1796, Garrard was chosen as governor by an electoral college, not by popular vote, and thus Patton was the first Kentucky governor to be popularly elected for consecutive terms.[4]
Patton was unopposed in the Democratic primary.[40] Republicans nominated Peppy Martin, who many considered a weak candidate.[40] In fact, Patton's old Republican foe, David Williams, announced he would vote for Patton over Martin.[46] In the general election Patton garnered 352,099 votes, 60.6 percent of the total.[40] Martin finished with 128,788 votes, with 88,930 votes going to third-party candidate Gatewood Galbraith.[40] When asked why the Republicans had chosen such a weak challenger, Patton opined "They mistakenly believed I could not be beaten. They made a mistake."[40]
Second term as governor
After the gubernatorial election in 1999, Louisville senator Dan Seum announced he would change his party affiliation from Democrat to Republican, citing his conservative voting history, including opposition to the state lottery, KERA, and abortion.[47] This switch, which Patton learned of too late to intervene, equalized the number of Democrats and Republicans in the Senate.[48] Six weeks later, Paducah senator Bob Leeper announced he would also change his party affiliation.[48] Patton traveled to Paducah and met with Leeper, but he was unable to convince him to remain a Democrat.[48] Leeper had a history of conflict with Democratic Senate President Larry Saunders, but he insisted his party switch, like Seum's, was based on political philosophy.[49] Leeper's switch gave Republicans a majority in the Senate, for the first time in the state's history.[40] David Williams was elected President of the Senate, and he held the Republican majority together, effectively.[40] Consequently, Patton faced a difficult task in maneuvering his agenda through a divided General Assembly.[40]
The rift between Williams and Patton became permanent, during negotiations over the state budget in 1999. Patton proposed to Williams a 7-cent-per-gallon gasoline tax, with 1 cent of every 7 dedicated to counties with the most unpaved roads – usually heavily Republican counties ignored by past Democratic governors. Patton claimed Williams told him he had 10 votes in the Senate for the increase. But gas prices spiked, before the measure came to a vote in the Senate, and Williams failed to deliver his votes, after the House passed the tax. The administration and key Republican senators reached a compromise that saved Patton's budget, with tax changes that were mostly revenue-neutral. Patton believed Williams had deliberately misled him, however, and the two never reconciled.[50]
Another issue confronting both Patton and the legislature was how to spend federal funds from the Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement. Kentucky's share of the settlement totaled $3.5 billion over 25 years. Because tobacco was a major cash crop in Kentucky, Patton proposed that half of the settlement be used to diversify the state's farmers' crops. One-fourth of the money would support health care and anti-smoking efforts. The remaining one-fourth would address early-childhood care and education, a cause important to Patton's daughter, Nikki, an early-childhood educator.[51]
In November 2000, Kentucky voters approved a constitutional amendment providing a shorter legislative session in odd-numbered years, with longer sessions in even-numbered years.[52] Most of Patton's proposals failed, in the 2000 and 2001 legislative sessions.[52] The economic boom that had provided ample funds for his programs, during the first term, slowed in 2001, and by 2002, the state was $800 million short of meeting its budget.[53] In 2002, Republicans in the General Assembly called for an end to public campaign finance, as an economy measure.[54] Calling it "welfare for politicians,” Republicans estimated that abolishing public campaign finance could save the state $30 million.[54] Ultimately, the issue derailed the biennial budget, during the regular legislative session.[54] In April 2002, Patton called a special legislative session to approve the budget, but legislators were still unable to agree.[54] For the first time in the state's history, the fiscal year began without a budget.[54] This left Patton to run the state government, for a year, without a budget in place.[52]
Besides the budget, another measure that failed to pass in the 2002 session was a bill to eliminate the death penalty for juveniles. The precedent for the juvenile death penalty had been set in the 1989
Tina Conner sex scandal
Already plagued by an uncooperative legislature, Patton's situation was exacerbated, in 2002, when it was revealed that, during his first term in office, he had engaged in an
Conner alleged that Patton arranged regulatory favors for the nursing home, while the affair was ongoing.[58] Two months after Conner said she ended the affair, Birchtree Healthcare was cited by state regulators for numerous violations of health and safety rules.[57] By July 2002, the state had pulled all Medicare and Medicaid payments from the facility, which soon went bankrupt.[57] Conner further alleged that the state investigation of Birchtree was retaliation, by Patton, for her ending of the affair.[52]
In a separate incident, Conner claimed that Patton helped a construction company she owned obtain certification as a disadvantaged business, which gave the company special preference when bidding for state contracts.[59]
The affair appeared to take a toll on Patton's marriage. His wife, Judi, was reported to be living in separate quarters in the governor's mansion and was rarely seen in public with him.[58]
Patton had risen to national prominence, successively chairing the
Conner filed suit against Patton, in September 2002.[59] By late 2003, all but one of her charges against Patton had been dismissed; the remaining charge alleged "outrageous" conduct.[59] In March 2003, the state's Executive Branch Ethics Commission investigated Conner's claims and accused Patton of four ethics violations, charging that he "used or attempted to use his official position" to provide favors for Conner.[58] The favors included contacting the state transportation secretary, with regard to Conner's disadvantaged business application, recommending a promotion for an officer who allegedly helped Conner avoid paying a traffic ticket, appointing Conner to the board of directors for the Kentucky Lottery, and appointing Conner's then-husband to the Agricultural Development Board.[62] Patton claimed that the favors he requested for Conner were the same kind of favors that he had requested for dozens of influential constituents.[58] He also claimed he had not profited, financially, from any of the requested favors.[58] He maintained that his attitude toward constituent services was "If you can do so legally and ethically, help them."[58]
Tina Conner's final claim against Patton – for "outrage" – was dismissed by a judge in May 2006.[63] In October 2006, Conner filed a second lawsuit against Patton, alleging misconduct by a public official and government oppression; a Franklin County judge dismissed the suit, claiming it was an attempt, by Conner, to re-litigate the claims from her first suit.[63]
Loss of legislative influence
Because of the deteriorating national economic situation, Kentucky faced a severe budget shortfall, in 2003.[64] Patton proposed an overhaul of the state tax system, whereby tax revenue would keep pace with the state's eventual economic recovery.[64] However, such reform would necessarily have meant tax increases, and with the 2003 gubernatorial election looming, legislators from both parties strictly stuck to a pledge not to raise taxes.[65] Consequently, in the 2003 legislative session, members of the General Assembly crafted a budget that completely disregarded any input from Patton.[58] The budget included repealing the campaign finance reform bill, passed a decade earlier.[65] Patton conceded "I have lost any ability to influence the legislature."[58]
Patronage accusations
During his final months in office, Patton drew criticism for abusing his patronage power.[66] Critics charged that he had appointed several of his family and friends who were in non-merit system jobs to merit system positions, increasing their chances of being retained when a new administration took over.[67] These charges were particularly damaging because, earlier in the year, the General Assembly had ordered Patton to cut 800 non-merit positions to help balance the budget.[67] The Lexington Herald-Leader opined that these charges were more serious than those of the Conner affair.[66] Patton maintained that his friends had followed proper personnel protocol, in applying for and securing merit positions.[67]
Campaign finance pardons
In June 2003, Patton issued pardons to four men who were under indictment for violating campaign finance laws during the 1995 gubernatorial race.[66] The indictments stemmed from charges by then-candidate Larry Forgy that Patton had skirted campaign finance laws by coordinating expenditures with the Teamsters and the state Democratic Party.[67] A Franklin County grand jury returned the indictments in 1998, but a circuit court judge dismissed them, in 1999, on grounds that the campaign finance law was too vague.[67] An appeals court reversed that decision, the following year, and in 2003, the Kentucky Supreme Court upheld the indictments by a vote of 5–1.[68] The Supreme Court of the United States refused to hear an appeal on June 13, 2003.[68] Two days later, Patton issued pardons for all four men.[68] State attorney general Ben Chandler lamented that the pardons would eliminate the possibility of determining whether Patton won the 1995 contest "honestly and openly.”[66]
Later career
Patton had publicly stated that he was planning a run against Republican U.S. Senator Jim Bunning, in 2004, but the scandals that plagued him, near the end of his administration, derailed those plans.[69] He retired to Pikeville, Kentucky, after the election of his successor, Republican Ernie Fletcher. He became a member of the First Presbyterian Church of Pikeville, a member of the Big Sandy Regional Economic Development Board, and chairman of the Pikeville/Pike County Industrial and Economic Authority.[5]
Governor Ernie Fletcher renamed a section of U.S. Route 119, in eastern Kentucky, as the Paul E. Patton Highway at a ceremony on October 30, 2008.[70] On February 1, 2009, Patton was chosen chairman of the Kentucky Council on Postsecondary Education (CPE).[6] On August 12, 2009, he was announced as the next president of Pikeville College (now, the University of Pikeville).[71] In September 2009, the Executive Branch Ethics Commission issued an advisory opinion that Patton could serve in both roles without a significant conflict of interest, because the CPE wields scant oversight of Kentucky's private colleges.[72] Patton was advised to allow someone other than himself to be the official liaison between the University of Pikeville and the CPE and to recuse himself from CPE discussions on matters "that directly involve his private institution or that would affect his institution, differently, than any other similarly situated private postsecondary institution."[72]
University of Pikeville
Patton was formally installed as president of the University of Pikeville on February 16, 2010.[73] He also serves as a Distinguished Visiting Lecturer in Public Policy and Leadership.[5] As president, Patton oversaw the construction of the Expo Center, a new facility to house the university's indoor sports; in 2011, the center's basketball court was named Paul E. Patton Court.[74]
In late 2011, Patton announced that he and
In 2013, Patton announced he would step down as president of the university and instead serve as chancellor.[76] Because of his longstanding support of the university's athletics programs, he was inducted into the university's Athletics Hall of Fame, in 2014.[74] In January 2015, the university announced it would move its teacher training program out of the College of Arts and Sciences, creating the new Patton College of Education.[77] The college was scheduled to open for the fall 2015 semester.[77]
Personal life
Following his sophomore year of college, he married Carol Cooley, daughter of a Floyd County, Kentucky, coal mine operator.[3] They had two children together – Nikki and Christopher.[7]
See also
- List of 4-H alumni
- List of Kappa Sigma members
- List of University of Kentucky alumni
- List of Democratic nominees for Governor of Kentucky
- List of governors of Kentucky
- List of Hillary Clinton 2008 presidential campaign endorsements
References
Citations
- ^ "Harris to be Patton's Fiscal Court Successor". The Lexington Herald-Leader. November 28, 1991. p. B4.
- ^ a b c d e f "Kentucky Governor Paul E. Patton Archived February 23, 2010, at the Wayback Machine". National Governors Association
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Mueller, p. A1
- ^ a b c d Blanchard, p. 251
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Paul E. Patton Archived May 31, 2010, at the Wayback Machine". Hall of Distinction
- ^ a b c "Paul Patton Bio Archived August 8, 2014, at the Wayback Machine". Kentucky Council on Postsecondary Education
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Blanchard, p. 252
- ^ a b c d "'The Ones I've Seen In Picket Lines Wouldn't Strike A Lick At A Snake'". Lexington Herald-Leader. January 12, 1963. pp. 1–6.
- ^ a b "Proposed Strip Mining Curbs Denounced By Coal Operators". Kentucky New Era
- ^ Ellers, p. 22
- ^ a b "Patton Will Not Run For Governor In 1979". Kentucky New Era
- ^ Ellers, p. 24
- ^ a b c Ellers, p. 28
- ^ a b c Ellers, p. 29
- ^ a b Ellers, p. 27
- ^ a b c d e Blanchard, p. 253
- ^ Ellers, p. 35
- ^ a b c Ellers, p. 31
- ^ Ellers, p. 32
- ^ a b c d e f g Blanchard, p. 254
- ^ a b c "Candidate for No. 2 Post Blasts Past Holders of Office". Daily News
- ^ Donnell, p. 6A
- ^ a b Ellers, p. 33
- ^ a b c "Rose Gives Patton New Puddin' Moniker". Kentucky New Era
- ^ a b c Harrison, p. 424
- ^ a b Ellers, p. 37
- ^ Ellers pp. 50–55
- ^ Ellers, p. 66
- ^ a b c Blanchard, p. 256
- ^ a b Ellers, p. 69
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Blanchard, p. 257
- ^ Ellers, p. 72
- ^ a b c d Ellers, p. 81
- ^ See the timeline of events at KYVC website Archived July 18, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ Ellers, p. 82
- ^ Blanchard, p. 258
- ^ Ellers, pp. 94–95
- ^ Ellers, pp. 100–102
- ^ Ellers, pp. 165–166
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Blanchard, p. 259
- ^ Blanchard, pp. 258–259
- ^ Ellers, pp. 103–104
- ^ Ellers, pp. 106–107
- ^ Ellers, pp. 145–147
- ^ a b Ellers, pp. 149–150
- ^ Ellers, p. 117
- ^ Baniak and Brammer, p. A1
- ^ a b c Ellers, p. 118
- ^ Brammer, p. A1
- ^ Ellers, pp. 119–121
- ^ Ellers, pp. 131, 133
- ^ a b c d e f Blanchard, p. 260
- ^ Ellers, p. 152
- ^ a b c d e Ellers, p. 153
- ^ Stanford v. Kentucky, 492 U.S. 361 (Supreme Court of the United States 1989).
- ^ Ellers, pp. 150–151
- ^ a b c Long, "Undue influence may be major issue for Patton". Archived from the original on January 18, 2005. Retrieved August 5, 2005.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Blanchard, p. 261
- ^ a b c Ellers, p. 181
- ^ a b Ellers, p. 165
- ^ Ellers, p. 166
- ^ Ellers, p. 182
- ^ a b Ortiz, p. D6
- ^ a b Ellers, p. 163
- ^ a b Ellers, p. 164
- ^ a b c d Blanchard, p. 262
- ^ a b c d e Ellers, p. 184
- ^ a b c Ellers, p. 185
- ^ Kinney, p. 1K
- ^ Jafari, p. A6
- ^ "Former governor is named president of Pikeville College Archived September 28, 2011, at the Wayback Machine". WYMT
- ^ a b Rodriguez, "Patton to be reappointed as state council head Archived October 26, 2012, at the Wayback Machine"
- ^ Sparkman, "Former governor is officially installed as college president[permanent dead link]"
- ^ a b "Patton receives surprise induction into UPIKE Athletics Hall of Fame". The Floyd County Times
- ^ a b Loftus, "Paul Patton resigns from Kentucky Council on Postsecondary Education"
- ^ "Next president at UPike talks about goals". Appalachian News-Express
- ^ a b "University of Pikeville to open new Patton College of Education". Lexington Herald-Leader
Works cited
- Baniak, Peter; Jack Brammer (July 13, 1999). "Senator Defects to GOP". Lexington Herald-Leader.
- Blanchard, Paul (2004). "Paul Edward Patton". In Lowell Hayes Harrison (ed.). Kentucky's Governors. Lexington, Kentucky: The University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 978-0-8131-2326-4.
- Brammer, Jack (August 23, 1999). "Leeper's Switch Gives GOP Senate Control". Lexington Herald-Leader.
- "Candidate for No. 2 Post Blasts Past Holders of Office". Daily News. October 4, 1991. Retrieved February 5, 2010.
- Donnell, Evans (April 7, 1993). "Legislators Admit Time Right for Seat Belt Law". Daily News. Retrieved February 5, 2010.
- Ellers, Fran (2003). Progress and Paradox: The Patton Years, 1995–2003. Louisville, Kentucky: Butler Books. ISBN 978-1-884532-56-6.
- Middleton, Neil (August 12, 2009). "Former governor is named president of Pikeville College". WYMT-TV. Archived from the original on September 19, 2015. Retrieved August 12, 2009.
- ISBN 978-0-8131-2008-9. Retrieved June 26, 2009.
- Jafari, Samira (October 31, 2006). "Fletcher Dedicates Highway in Honor of Patton". The Kentucky Post.
- "Kentucky Governor Paul E. Patton". National Governors Association. Retrieved April 2, 2012.
- Kinney, Courtney; Michael Collins (September 21, 2002). "Patton: No Senate Run". The Kentucky Post.
- Long, Paul A (September 21, 2002). "Undue influence may be major issue for Patton". The Cincinnati Post. E. W. Scripps Company. Archived from the original on January 18, 2005.
- Loftus, Tom (January 3, 2012). "Paul Patton resigns from Kentucky Council on Postsecondary Education". Louisville Courier-Journal.
- Mueller, Lee (April 23, 1995). "Patton's Wealth From Coal Ventures Led to Political Rise – Eastern Kentuckian Vying to be First Mountain-Grown Governor Since Early 1960s". Lexington Herald-Leader.
- "Next president at UPike talks about goals". Appalachian News-Express. Associated Press. June 11, 2012.
- Ortiz, Brian (January 9, 2008). "Conner tries to reinstate lawsuit Patton's Former Girlfriend Takes Case to Appeals". Lexington Herald-Leader.
- "Patton receives surprise induction into UPIKE Athletics Hall of Fame". The Floyd County Times. May 6, 2014.
- "Patton Will Not Run For Governor In 1979". Kentucky New Era. October 19, 1978. Retrieved February 3, 2010.
- "Paul E. Patton". Hall of Distinction. University of Kentucky College of Engineering. Archived from the original on September 8, 2012. Retrieved April 2, 2012.
- "Paul Patton Bio". Kentucky Council on Postsecondary Education. September 25, 2009. Archived from the original on January 28, 2010. Retrieved February 3, 2010.
- "Proposed Strip Mining Curbs Denounced by Coal Operators". Kentucky New Era. September 1, 1972. Retrieved February 3, 2010.
- Rodriguez, Nancy C. (February 10, 2010). "Patton to be reappointed as state council head". Louisville Courier-Journal. Archived from the original on June 5, 2011. Retrieved March 10, 2010.
- "Rose Gives Patton New Puddin' Moniker". Kentucky New Era. April 1, 1995. Retrieved February 5, 2010.
- Sparkman, Angela (February 16, 2010). "Former governor is officially installed as college president". WYMT. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved March 10, 2010.
- "University of Pikeville to open new Patton College of Education". Lexington Herald-Leader. Associated Press. January 31, 2015. p. A3.