Paulowniaceae
Paulowniaceae | |
---|---|
Young Paulownia tomentosa foliage | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Asterids |
Order: | Lamiales |
Family: | Paulowniaceae Nakai[1] |
Paulowniaceae are a
The Paulowniaceae are now resolved as a distinct separate family consisting of the genus Paulownia. They are deciduous trees with large heart shaped leaves and long panicles of white-purple to lavender flowers native to eastern Asia. The most widely distributed and recognized species is Paulownia tomentosa with common names such as Princess tree, Empress tree, Kiri tree, Foxglove tree, and Phoenix tree.
Taxonomy
There are 7 confirmed species of Paulownia with potentially more as hybrid, variety, or mismatched synonym species.[3]
- Paulownia fargesii
- Paulownia fortunei
- Paulownia x taiwaniana
- Paulownia catalpafolia
- Paulownia elongata
- Paulownia tomentosa
- Paulownia coreana (Paulownia tomentosa var. coreana)
- Paulownia kawakamii
Phylogeny
Paulowniaceae is sister to the
As of August 2017[update], The Plant List accepted four genera in the family.[6] However of these four genera currently only Paulownia is a recognized member of Paulowniaceae.
- Paulownia
- Brandisia is settled in the Orobanchaceae as sister to the Pterygiella due to molecular data from 9 chloroplast markers and samples from 6 of the 11 Brandisia species. They are a mostly shrublike family with hemi-parasitic characters that sometimes grow like climbing vines.[7] Morphological similarities between Bradisia and Pterygiella, such as eglandular hairs on their capsules, reticulate seeds, and similar shaped tricolpate pollen, confirm their close relationship.[3]
- Wightia is now tentatively positioned as a sister group to Phrymaceae due to many morphological similarities as well as support by chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA analysis. They are a small genus of two species in Southeast Asia, that can grow as a shrub or tree, or as hemiepiphetic pseudo-vine.[8] There are still morphological characters as well as nuclear genome data to support Wightia as sister to Paulownia leading it to be of proposed hybrid origin from Phrymaceae and Paulowniaceae. This theory, based on chloroplast genome evidence, would explain its morphological similarities to both families. However the conflicts between the chloroplast, mitochondrial, and nuclear phylogenetic data make it unclear. If these were tested further and proven to be correct it should place Wightia as a new family Wightiaceae.[3] Though according to Liu et al., 2019, Wightia should already be its own distinct family as it is highly unlikely that any new study would provide more questionable data against this theory.[8]
- Shiuyinghua silvestrii. Shiuyinghua has a history of being placed under the name Catalpa silvestrii in Bignoniaceae due to its leaf shape, but then as Paulownia silvestrii in the clade Paulownieae in Scrophulariaceae due to similarities in lateral and terminal inflorescences, and in the five-lobed calyx structure. In 1959 S. silvestrii was believed to be a distinct species within the Paulownieae tribe due to the overall flower bud shape being significantly different from all other members of Paulownia. The genus was named after Dr. Shiu-ying Hu of Harvard University's Arnold Arboretum.[9]Since then there has been no more evidence or discussion on its placement, nor any available molecular data on a species under the name Shiuyinghua silvestrii or Paulownia silvestrii.
References
- hdl:10654/18083
- hdl:10654/18083
- ^ PMID 31114599.
- JSTOR 2657024.
- PMID 21622359.
- ^ "Paulowniaceae", The Plant List, retrieved 16 August 2017
- ^ Li, Hui-Lin (1947). "Relationship and taxonomy of the genus Brandisia". Journal of the Arnold Arboretum. 28 (1): Pages.127–136.
- ^ ISSN 1674-4918.
- ^ Paclt, Jiří (1962). "Shiuyinghua, a new genus of Scrophulariaceae from China". Journal of the Arnold Arboretum. 43 (2): 215–217.