Lamiales

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Lamiales
Temporal range: Ypresian-Recent[1]
Galeopsis speciosa
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Clade: Lamiids
Order: Lamiales
Bromhead[2]
Families[3]

The

Thomandersiaceae, Verbenaceae.[4]

Being one of the largest orders of flowering plants, Lamiales have representatives found all over the world. Well-known or economically important members of this order include

ash tree, teak, snapdragon, sesame, psyllium, garden sage, and a number of table herbs such as mint, basil, and rosemary.[6]

Description

Glandular hairs are present in Lamiales.[5]

Habitat

The Lamiales order can be found in almost all kinds of habitats world-wide.

coastlines, and even frozen areas.[9][11][12]

Carnivore plants

Carnivorous plant in the order Lamiales; Utricularia aurea

A number of species of

Byblidaceae.[6] Protocarnivorous plant species have also been found in the order Lamiales, specifically in the families Martyniaceae.[6]

Parasitic plants

Parasitic plant in the order Lamiales; Cordylanthus rigidus

holoparasites.[6]

Uses

The order Lamiales has a variety of species with anthropogenic uses, the most popular belonging to the

pulmonary infections and contain antioxidant properties.[12]

Plant species within the order Lamiales are also known to have properties to repel insects and help control harmful diseases from insects, such as Malaria from mosquitos.[13][12] The plant family Acanthaceae within the Lamiales order have bioactive secondary metabolites within their mature leaves, which have been found to be toxic to insect larvae.[13] Botanical derived insecticides are a good alternate for chemical or synthetic insecticides as it is inexpensive, abundant and safe for other plants, non-target organisms and the environment.[13]

Many species within the order Lamiales are also used as decorations,

fragrances.[12] Natural dyes can also be extracted from plant species within Lamiales.[12][14] For example, in Sardinia culture, the most common Lamiales plant species used for natural dyes is Lavandula stoechas, where a light-green dye is extracted from the stem.[14]

Taxonomy

The Lamiales previously had a restricted circumscription (e.g., by

Plantaginales. Lamiales has become the preferred name for this much larger combined group. The placement of the Boraginaceae is unclear, but phylogenetic work shows this family does not belong in Lamiales.[citation needed
]

Also, the circumscription of family

monophyletic families.[15]

Dating

Much research has been conducted in recent years regarding the dating the Lamiales lineage, although there still remains some ambiguity. A 2004 study, on the molecular phylogenetic dating of asterid flowering plants, estimated 106 million years (MY) for the stem lineage of Lamiales.[16] A 2009 study on angiosperm diversification through time, concluded an inferred age of lower Eocene, ca. 50 MY, for Lamiales.[6]

References

  1. ^ M. E. J. Chandler. 1964. The Lower Tertiary Floras of Southern England. IV. A summary and survey of findings in the light of recent botanical observations.
  2. hdl:10654/18083
    .
  3. doi:10.1111/boj.12385
    .
  4. ^
    ISBN 978-0-19-883333-8
    .
  5. ^
    OCLC 53375899
    .
  6. ^
    PMID 21073690
    .
  7. ^
    PMID 11163173
    .
  8. PMID 17652341
    .
  9. ^
    PMID 32652014
    .
  10. PMID 21632432
    .
  11. ^
    PMID 34365014
    .
  12. ^ a b c d e f g Sharma, Archna; Sharma, Alka; Kumar, Vijay; Kumar, Ashwini (2015). "Selected Medicinal Plants of Order Lamiales Used in Traditional Medicine". American Journal of Pharmacy and Health Research. 3 (1) – via ResearchGate.
  13. ^
    PMID 25222784
    .
  14. ^ a b Maxia, Andrea; Meli, Francesca; Gaviano, Carla; Picciau, Rosangela; De Martis, Bruno; Kasture, Sanjay; Kasture, Veene (2013). "Dye plants: Natural resources from traditional botanical knowledge of Sardinia Island, Italy". Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge: 651–656.
  15. PMID 21073690
    .
  16. PMID 15503676
    .

External links
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lamiales&oldid=1217845723"