Lamiales

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Lamiales
Temporal range: Ypresian-Recent[1]
Galeopsis speciosa
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Clade: Lamiids
Order: Lamiales
Bromhead[2]
Families[3]

The Lamiales (also known as the mint order) are an

lilacs, jasmine, snapdragons, African violets, Jacarandas, Paulownias, butterfly bushes, sesame, and psyllium
.

Description

Glandular hairs are present on the plants.[7]

Carnivorous plant in the order Lamiales; Utricularia aurea

A number of species of

Byblidaceae.[6] Protocarnivorous plant species have also been found in the order, specifically in the Martyniaceae family.[6]

Parasitic plant in the order Lamiales; Cordylanthus rigidus

holoparasites.[6]

Taxonomy

Phylogeny

The

APG IV system gives the following cladogram for Lamiales.[3]

Lamiales

The Lamiales previously had a restricted circumscription (e.g., by

Plantaginales. Lamiales has become the preferred name for this much larger combined group. The placement of the Boraginaceae is unclear, but phylogenetic work shows this family does not belong in Lamiales.[citation needed
]

Also, the circumscription of family

monophyletic families.[12]

Dating

Much research has been conducted in recent years regarding the dating the Lamiales lineage, although there still remains some ambiguity. A 2004 study, on the molecular phylogenetic dating of asterid flowering plants, estimated 106 million years (MY) for the stem lineage of Lamiales.[13] A similar study in 2009 estimated 80 million years.[14] Another 2009 study gives several reasons why the issue is particularly difficult to solve.[6]


Habitat

The Lamiales order can be found in almost all kinds of habitats world-wide.

coastlines, and even frozen areas.[10][15][16]

Uses

The order Lamiales has a variety of species with anthropogenic uses, the most popular belonging to the

pulmonary infections and contain antioxidant properties.[16]

Species within the order are also known to have properties to repel insects and help control harmful diseases from insects, such as Malaria from mosquitos.[17][16] Plants of the family Acanthaceae have bioactive secondary metabolites within their mature leaves, which have been found to be toxic to insect larvae.[17] Botanical derived insecticides are a good alternate for chemical or synthetic insecticides as it is inexpensive, abundant and safe for other plants, non-target organisms and the environment.[17]

Many species within the order are used as decorations,

fragrances.[16] Natural dyes can also be extracted from Lamiales species.[16][18] For example, in Sardinia culture, the most common Lamiales plant species used for natural dyes is Lavandula stoechas, where a light-green dye is extracted from the stem.[18]

References

  1. ^ M. E. J. Chandler. 1964. The Lower Tertiary Floras of Southern England. IV. A summary and survey of findings in the light of recent botanical observations.
  2. hdl:10654/18083
    .
  3. ^
    doi:10.1111/boj.12385
    .
  4. ^
    doi:10.1111/boj.12385
    .
  5. ISBN 978-0-19-883333-8
    .
  6. ^
    PMID 21073690
    .
  7. ^
    OCLC 53375899
    .
  8. ^
    PMID 11163173
    .
  9. PMID 17652341
    .
  10. ^
    PMID 32652014
    .
  11. PMID 21632432
    .
  12. PMID 21073690
    .
  13. PMID 15503676
    .
  14. PMID 21628193
  15. ^
    PMID 34365014
    .
  16. ^ a b c d e f g Sharma, Archna; Sharma, Alka; Kumar, Vijay; Kumar, Ashwini (2015). "Selected Medicinal Plants of Order Lamiales Used in Traditional Medicine". American Journal of Pharmacy and Health Research. 3 (1) – via ResearchGate.
  17. ^
    PMID 25222784
    .
  18. ^ a b Maxia, Andrea; Meli, Francesca; Gaviano, Carla; Picciau, Rosangela; De Martis, Bruno; Kasture, Sanjay; Kasture, Veene (2013). "Dye plants: Natural resources from traditional botanical knowledge of Sardinia Island, Italy". Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge: 651–656.
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