Pecos National Historical Park
Pecos National Historical Park | |
U.S. National Historical Park | |
Location | NM 63 SW of jct. with NM 50, Pecos, New Mexico |
---|---|
Coordinates | 35°33′00″N 105°41′4″W / 35.55000°N 105.68444°W |
Area | 6,671.4 acres (2,699.8 ha) |
Built | Start date ~A.D. 1300 |
Architectural style | Stone Masonry w/adobe mortar |
Visitation | 43,873 (2011)[2] |
Website | Pecos National Historical Park |
NRHP reference No. | 66000485[1] (original) 91000822[1] (increase) |
NMSRCP No. | 74 |
Significant dates | |
Added to NRHP | October 15, 1966 |
Boundary increase | July 2, 1991 |
Designated NHL | October 9, 1960 |
Designated NMON | June 28, 1965 |
Designated NHP | July 2, 1991 |
Designated NMSRCP | May 21, 1971 |
Pecos National Historical Park is a United States
Features
Pecos National Historical Park's main unit is located in western San Miguel County,[3] about 17 miles (27 km) east of Santa Fe and just south of Pecos.
Pecos Pueblo
The main unit of the park preserves the ruins of Pecos
The people who lived at Cicuye/Pecos Pueblo spoke the
The historical Pecos people produced, used or traded seven types of ceramic ware during their occupancy of the area. These are known as Rio Grande Greyware (plain and corrugated), Pajarito White Ware, Rio Grande Glaze Ware, Historic polychromes, Historic plain ware, White Mountain Red Ware, and Plains Apache Ware. Many of these were decorated with black, red or polychrome designs.[11]
Spanish mission
The main unit of the park also protects the remains of Mission Nuestra Señora de los Ángeles de Porciúncula de los Pecos, a Spanish mission near the pueblo built in the early 17th century. A 1.25-mile (2 km) self-guiding trail begins at the nearby visitor center and winds through the ruins of Pecos Pueblo and the mission church.[12][13]
Pecos was visited by expeditionaries with
Forked Lightning Ranch
Another part of the park is the Forked Lightning Ranch, a cattle ranch established in the 1920s by
Old Santa Fe Trail
Portions of the historic Santa Fe Trail run through all units of the park. This rutted wagon trail was one of the major routes by which the American Southwest grew in the 19th century.[7]
Glorieta Pass Battlefield
The Battle of Glorieta Pass was fought March 26–28, 1862 in the mountain pass west of Pecos Pueblo, along the route of the Old Santa Fe Trail. Confederate forces were en route to take Union-controlled Fort Union, and were fought to a standoff by militia raised in the New Mexico and Colorado Territories. Although parts of the battlefield have been compromised by highway construction, two sections of the battlefield have been preserved by the Park Service on either side of the pass. Public access to these units is limited by the National Park Service.[7]
Administrative history
Pecos Pueblo and an area of 341 acres (138 ha) was acquired by the state and preserved as a state monument in 1935. In 1965, President
Climate
According to the
Climate data for Pecos National Monument, New Mexico, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1919–present | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °F (°C) | 75 (24) |
75 (24) |
81 (27) |
87 (31) |
97 (36) |
100 (38) |
100 (38) |
96 (36) |
95 (35) |
86 (30) |
82 (28) |
77 (25) |
100 (38) |
Mean maximum °F (°C) | 61.2 (16.2) |
63.2 (17.3) |
71.1 (21.7) |
76.9 (24.9) |
85.4 (29.7) |
94.7 (34.8) |
94.3 (34.6) |
91.0 (32.8) |
87.2 (30.7) |
79.8 (26.6) |
69.5 (20.8) |
61.9 (16.6) |
96.3 (35.7) |
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 46.6 (8.1) |
49.6 (9.8) |
57.1 (13.9) |
64.3 (17.9) |
73.4 (23.0) |
83.9 (28.8) |
85.2 (29.6) |
82.7 (28.2) |
77.6 (25.3) |
66.7 (19.3) |
54.6 (12.6) |
46.7 (8.2) |
65.7 (18.7) |
Daily mean °F (°C) | 32.3 (0.2) |
35.5 (1.9) |
41.3 (5.2) |
47.7 (8.7) |
56.3 (13.5) |
65.9 (18.8) |
69.4 (20.8) |
67.5 (19.7) |
61.3 (16.3) |
50.6 (10.3) |
39.8 (4.3) |
32.2 (0.1) |
50.0 (10.0) |
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 18.0 (−7.8) |
21.4 (−5.9) |
25.5 (−3.6) |
31.1 (−0.5) |
39.1 (3.9) |
48.0 (8.9) |
53.6 (12.0) |
52.3 (11.3) |
45.1 (7.3) |
34.5 (1.4) |
25.0 (−3.9) |
17.8 (−7.9) |
34.3 (1.3) |
Mean minimum °F (°C) | 0.0 (−17.8) |
5.0 (−15.0) |
9.1 (−12.7) |
17.4 (−8.1) |
26.2 (−3.2) |
37.5 (3.1) |
46.7 (8.2) |
44.6 (7.0) |
33.2 (0.7) |
18.3 (−7.6) |
7.4 (−13.7) |
−0.6 (−18.1) |
−4.8 (−20.4) |
Record low °F (°C) | −27 (−33) |
−29 (−34) |
−18 (−28) |
−6 (−21) |
14 (−10) |
18 (−8) |
35 (2) |
28 (−2) |
20 (−7) |
−2 (−19) |
−23 (−31) |
−19 (−28) |
−29 (−34) |
Average precipitation inches (mm) | 0.68 (17) |
0.62 (16) |
0.74 (19) |
0.72 (18) |
1.01 (26) |
1.23 (31) |
3.23 (82) |
3.03 (77) |
1.71 (43) |
1.20 (30) |
1.03 (26) |
0.97 (25) |
16.17 (410) |
Average snowfall inches (cm) | 6.3 (16) |
4.4 (11) |
3.0 (7.6) |
1.0 (2.5) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.6 (1.5) |
3.7 (9.4) |
7.3 (19) |
26.3 (67) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 3.7 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 4.2 | 5.3 | 12.6 | 12.3 | 6.5 | 5.4 | 3.6 | 3.8 | 69.3 |
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 2.6 | 2.0 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 1.3 | 2.0 | 10.4 |
Source 1: NOAA[18] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: National Weather Service[17] |
See also
- Hispanic Heritage Site
- National Register of Historic Places listings in San Miguel County, New Mexico
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Santa Fe County, New Mexico
- List of National Historic Landmarks in New Mexico
- List of National Monuments of the United States
- List of National Historical Parks
References
- ^ a b "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
- ^ "National Park Service Visitor Use Statistics". National Park Service. Retrieved October 6, 2012.
- U.S. Census Bureau. p. 26 (PDF p. 27/85). Retrieved September 2, 2022.
Pecos Natl Hist Pk
- ^ "Pueblo Mission". Pecos, New Mexico. Retrieved December 3, 2020.
- ^ a b c Abarr, James (August 31, 1997). "Once-Mighty City". Albuquerque Journal. Retrieved December 3, 2020.
- ^ "People of the Pecos". U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. February 6, 2011. Retrieved October 13, 2011.
- ^ a b c d e "Spanish Encounters: The Pueblo Revolt, in Pecos National Historical Park". U.S. National Park Service. Retrieved December 3, 2020.
- ^ "People of Pecos". U.S. National Park Service. Retrieved December 3, 2020.
- ^ Dean R. Snow (2010). Archeology of Native North America. Prentice Hall.
- ^ "Chaoter IX: Toward Extinction 1794-1849". National Park Service. Retrieved December 4, 2023.. Chapter IX of Kiva, Cross, and Crown by John L. Kessell.
- ^ Powell, Melissa S. "PECOS From Folsom to Fogelson: The Cultural Resources Inventory Survey of Pecos National Historical Park, Chapter 8: Ceramics". Pecos National Historical Site. National Park Service. Retrieved December 3, 2020.
- ^ "Pecos Pueblo". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Archived from the original on October 29, 2011. Retrieved June 26, 2008.
- ^ "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination" (pdf). National Park Service. May 15, 1958. Retrieved August 13, 2009.
"Accompanying 3 photos, exterior and interior, from 1946" (pdf). National Park Service. Retrieved August 13, 2009. - ^ "Last Church" marker, Pecos National Historical Park: "The Spanish returned to New Mexico 12 years after the 1680 Pueblo Revolt. In front of you are the remains of the smaller church they completed in 1717. . . . "
- ^ "Spanish Encounters", Pecos National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)
- ^ "Pecos National Historical Park: Integrated Resources Stewardship Strategy". National Park Service. Retrieved April 11, 2017.
- ^ a b "NOAA Online Weather Data – NWS Albuquerque". National Weather Service. Retrieved November 29, 2023.
- ^ "U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Pecos NM, NM". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved November 29, 2023.