Pestalotiopsis

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Pestalotiopsis
Conidia of Pestalotiopsis microspora
Conidia of Pestalotiopsis microspora
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Sordariomycetes
Subclass: Xylariomycetidae
Order: Amphisphaeriales
Family: Sporocadaceae
Genus: Pestalotiopsis

Pestalotiopsis is a

ascomycete fungi in the Sporocadaceae family.[1]

Taxonomy

The genus was circumscribed by René Leopold Alix Ghislain Jules Steyaert in Bull. Jard. Bot. Etat. vol.19 on page 300 in 1949.

The genus name of Pestalotiopsis is in honour of Fortunato Pestalozza (died 1878), who was an Italian

botanist and doctor who worked in Constantinople and Antalya.[2]

The

phylogenetic relationships of genus Pestalotiopsis and allied genera has been calculated from ribosomal DNA sequences and morphological characters in 2002.[3]

The sexual state of Pesalotiopsis is Pestalosphaeria, which was introduced by Barr (in 1975) with the type species Pestalosphaeria concentrica. This species was isolated from the grey-brown spots on the living leaves of Rhododendron maximum growing in North Carolina, USA.[4]

Hosts

Some species of Pestalotiopsis are confirmed to cause human and animal diseases. For example, Pestalotiopsis spp. have been isolated from a bronchial biopsy, corneal abrasions, eyes, feet, fingernails, scalp, and sinuses from the human body.[5] In 2013, the first case of fungal keratitis caused by Pestalotiopsis clavispora was recorded.[6]

Pestalotiopsis species are known as

saprobes in a variety of hosts and environments. The species of fungi within this genus are normally considered as secondary pathogens that can be responsible for a variety of plant diseases, including cankers, dieback, leaf spots, needle blight, tip blight, grey blight, severe chlorosis, fruit rots and various other post-harvest diseases.[7][8][9] Pestalotiopsis species occur as generalist endophytes in trees of Western Ghats forests of southern India.[10]
In Chile, Pestalotiopsis clavispora and other Pestalotiopsis spp. causes postharvest stem end rot on avocado plants.[11] Pestalotiopsis spp. also cause leaf spot on Japanese persimmon.[12]

19 different Pestalotiopsis species have been found as endophytes from bark and needles of

Pinus pinea L.) and on Pinus pinaster in Portugal.[18]

A new species of Pestalotiopsis from leaf spots on Licuala grandis from Hainan, China was found in 2013.[19]

Neopestalotiopsis and Pestalotiopsis species were noted as causal agents of guava scab in Colombia.[20]

In 2018, the first report of leaf spot disease of elephant apple (Dillenia indica) caused by Pestalotiopsis sp. occurred in India.[21]

In 2021, the first sighting of Pestalotiopsis chamaeropis causing leaf spot on Eurya nitida occurred in China.[22] In the same year, Pestalotiopsis kenyana was found to cause leaf spot disease on Zanthoxylum schinifolium (a species of prickly ash) in Sichuan Province, China.[23]

Uses

Some members of the genus are able to grow on the synthetic polymer

waste reduction.[24]

Some members of the genus are able to produce

taxol.[25]

In 2009, Chloropestolide A, an anti-tumor metabolite was found in Pestalotiopsis fici.[26][27]

Species

As accepted by

Species Fungorum;[28]

Taxonomy

A phylogenetic analysis in 2013 with some of the Pestalotiopsis species are found in the following tree:[29]

See also

References

  1. hdl:10481/61998
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  2. S2CID 246307410
    . Retrieved January 27, 2022.
  3. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00422-0
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  4. ^ Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Groenewald, J.Z.; Xu, J.; Crous, P.W. (September 2014). "Pestalotiopsis revisited". Studies in Mycology. 79: 121–186.
  5. ^ Sutton, D.A. (1999). "Coelomycetous fungi in human disease. A review: Clinical entities, pathogenesis, identification and therapy". Rev. Iberoam. Micol. 16: 171–179.
  6. ^ Monden, Y.; Yamamoto, S.; Sunada, A.; Asari, S.; Makimura, K.; Inoue, Y. (2013). "First case of fungal keratitis caused by Pestalotiopsis clavispora". Clin. Ophthalmol. 7: 2261–2264.
  7. ^ Espinoza, J.G.; Briceño, E.X.; Keith, L.M.; Latorre, B.A. (2008). "Canker and twig dieback of blueberry caused by Pestalotiopsis spp. and a Truncatella sp. in Chile". Plant Dis. 92: 1407–1414.
  8. ^ Lorenzini, M.; Zapparoli, G. (2018). "Identification of Pestalotiopsis bicilita, Diplodia seriata and Diaporthe eres causing fruit rot in withered grapes in Italy". Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 151: 1089–1093.
  9. ^ Maharachchikumbura, S.; Larignon, P.; Hyde, K.; Al-Sadi, A.; Liu, Z.-Y. (2017). "Characterization of Neopestalotiopsis, Pestalotiopsis and Truncatella species associated with grapevine trunk diseases in France". Phytopathol. Mediterr. 55: 380–390.
  10. doi:10.1016/j.funeco.2016.09.002
    .
  11. doi:10.1094/PDIS-11-10-0844
    .
  12. doi:10.1007/s10327-002-0011-1
    .
  13. ^ Hu, H.; Jeewon, R.; Zhou, D.; Zhou, T.; Hyde, K.D. (2007). "Phylogenetic diversity of endophytic Pestalotiopsis species in Pinus armandii and Ribes spp.: Evidence from rDNA and β-Tubulin gene phylogenies". Fungal Divers. 24: 1–22.
  14. ^ Botella, L.; Javier Diez, J. (2011). "Phylogenic diversity of fungal endophytes in Spanish stands of Pinus halepensis". Fungal Divers. 47: 9–18.
  15. ^ Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Groenewald, J.Z.; Xu, J.; Crous, P.W. (2014). "Pestalotiopsis Revisited". Stud. Mycol. 79: 121–186.
  16. ^ Tibpromma, S.; Mortimer, P.E.; Karunarathna, S.C.; Zhan, F.; Xu, J.; Promputtha, I.; Yan, K. (2019). "Morphology and multi-gene phylogeny reveal Pestalotiopsis pinicola sp. nov. and a new host record of Cladosporium anthropophilum from edible pine (Pinus armandii) seeds in Yunnan province, China". Pathogens. 8: 285.
  17. ^ Cleary, M.; Oskay, F.; Doğmuş, H.T.; Lehtijärvi, A.; Woodward, S.; Vettraino, A.M. (2019). "Cryptic risks to forest biosecurity associated with the global movement of commercial seed". Forests. 10: 459.
  18. doi:10.3390/f11080805
    .
  19. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.88.3.2
    .
  20. doi:10.1094/PDIS-01-17-0068-RE
    .
  21. doi:10.5197/j.2044-0588.2018.037.014
    .
  22. doi:10.1094/PDIS-06-21-1170-PDN
    .
  23. doi:10.1094/PDIS-10-20-2247-PDN
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  24. PMID 21764951
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  25. PMID 18998547
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  26. doi:10.1021/ol901039m
    .
  27. doi:10.1111/mmi.13711
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  28. ^ "Pestalotiopsis - Search Page". www.speciesfungorum.org. Species Fungorum. Retrieved 16 February 2023.
  29. ^
    OCLC 5148802110
    .
  30. doi:10.1002/hlca.201500197
    .
  31. ^ Zhang, Shu; Wang, Xiu-Na; Zhang, Xiao-Ling; Liu, Xing-Zhong; Zhang, Yong-Jie (2017). "Complete mitochondrial genome of the endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis fici: features and evolution". Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 101: 1593–1604.

Other sources

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