Philipp Julius, Duke of Pomerania

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Philipp Julius
Duke of Pomerania-Wolgast
Reign17 June 1592 – 6 February 1625
PredecessorErnst Ludwig
SuccessorBogislaw XIV
Born(1584-12-27)27 December 1584
Wolgast
Died6 February 1625(1625-02-06) (aged 40)
SpouseAgnes of Brandenburg
Names
German: Philipp Julius von Pommern
Polish: Filip Juliusz wołogoski
HouseHouse of Griffin
FatherErnst Ludwig, Duke of Pomerania
MotherSophie Hedwig of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel

Philipp Julius (27 December 1584, in

Teilherzogtum Pomerania-Wolgast
from 1592 to 1625.

Biography

Early life

Philipp Julius was the son of

Agnes of Brandenburg (1584-1629), daughter of John George, Elector of Brandenburg and his second wife, Elisabeth of Anhalt-Zerbst.[7]

A month after his marriage, Philipp Julius reached his majority and took on his position as a duke on 21 July 1604. He continued his extensive travelling, visiting

Danzig, Courland, and other locations en route. His travelling caused him to be absent for years.[5]

Financial crisis

Philipp Julius suffered serious financial difficulties throughout his reign.

Mark.[15]

Philipp Julius attempted to control

Reichstalers, which only failed due to Bogislaw XIV's veto.[10]

Conflicts within the Upper Saxon Circle

The later years of Philipp Julius' reign were dominated by his struggle to maintain political independence within the

Anhalt departed in the course of the negotiations.[21] It called for a high monetary contribution of the circle's members for the mercenary army already raised by Saxony.[20] It also claimed neutrality for the circle in the Thirty Years' War that at this time ravaged Bohemia, with the caveat of being able to switch to emperor Ferdinand II's side.[22]

The Pomeranian delegation accepted the decisions only ad-referendum,[23] and refused to pay its resulting obligations. Continued dunning by the Saxon electorate in 1621, which had furthered her military position by successful campaigns in Silesia, led to a meeting of Pomeranian and Brandenburgian delegations at Prenzlau in 1622 to explore a possible alliance against John George. The alliance however did not take place because of Pomeranian caveats: The Pomeranian dukes did not want to get rid of the Saxon thread at the cost of subordination to Brandenburg.[24] Yet, they supported a Brandenburgian attempt to declare the Leipzig decisions void, which was rejected by the Saxon electorates and followed by even more dunning.[25]

In 1623, threatened by Tilly's success in Hesse and Lower Saxony, the Brandenburgian and Saxon electorates formed an alliance, decided to raise armies, and divided the circle into two respective domains of command, with Pomerania becoming part of the Brandenburgian one.[26] Pomerania however refused to obey the Brandenburgian command and raised its own troops.[27] In July 1624, the Saxon-led South of the circle sided with the emperor. Philipp Julius and Bogislaw XIV of Pomerania-Stettin were also willing to come to an agreement with the emperor, and accepted imperial monetary demands that they previously had rejected. Yet, neither Philipp Julius nor Bogislaw XIV were able to push their ideas through the opposition of the nobility at the Kreistag in Jüterbog in August. Thus, Pomerania did not follow the Saxon electorate's example - neither did Brandenburg.[28]

Death

Philipp Julius died only months before imperial forces occupied parts of the Upper Saxon circle,[29] on 6 February 1625. He was entombed in the ducal crypt in the church of Wolgast.[6] Two years later, the war would reach Pomerania causing complete devastation and the death of two thirds of the population.[30]

With the death of Philipp Julius, Pomerania-Wolgast ceased to exist.

House of Pomerania.[33] The residence in Wolgast decayed after Philipp Julius' death, was badly damaged during the Thirty Years' War, and, after 1798, most of the stone was scavenged and reused in other buildings. Today, only parts of the basements remain.[31]

Cultural legacy

Train station
.

In 1619, Philipp Julius donated a precious gown to the rectorate of the

Pomerania State Museum.[35] Philipp Julius promoted theater and music at his court,[34][36] in part inspired by his travels.[34] Several English musicians are recorded to have performed in his service during the 1620s.[37][38]

The village Groß-Hagen on Rügen was renamed "Philippshagen" (now part of Middelhagen) after Philipp Julius in 1608.[39]

Ancestors

Full title

The complete title of Philipp Julius was:

See also

Sources

References

  1. ^ Grewolls (1995), p.330
  2. ^ a b Thümmel (2002), p.87
  3. ^ Schleinert (2000), p.68
  4. ^ Stannek (2001), p.88
  5. ^ a b c d e Wade (2003), p.66
  6. ^ a b c Hildisch (1980), p.97
  7. ^ Heinrich (1981), p.549
  8. ^ Branig (1997), p.173
  9. ^ Evans (1979), p.42
  10. ^ a b Krüger (2006), p.135
  11. ^ Kaak (1981), p.159
  12. ^ Kaak (1981), p.159, citing C.J.Fuchs, Der Untergang.
  13. ^ Branig (1997), p.167
  14. ^ Asche (2008), p.74
  15. ^ Jendricke (2008), p.81
  16. ^ Krüger (2006), pp.107ff
  17. ^ Krüger (2006), pp.133-134
  18. ^ Porada (1997), p.22
  19. ^ Nicklas (2002), p.201
  20. ^ a b Nicklas (2002), p.203
  21. ^ Nicklas (2002), p.206
  22. ^ Nicklas (2002), p.205
  23. ^ Nicklas (2002), p.207
  24. ^ Nicklas (2002), p.213
  25. ^ Nicklas (2002), p.214
  26. ^ Nicklas (2002), p.217
  27. ^ Nicklas (2002), p.218
  28. ^ Nicklas (2002), p.220
  29. ^ Nicklas (2002), p.222
  30. ^ Buchholz (1999), pp.263,332
  31. ^ a b Goetz (2006), p.112
  32. ^ Wolgast (1995), p.217
  33. ^ Dubilski (2003), p.25
  34. ^ a b c d "Herzog Philipp Julius von Pommern-Wolgast (1584-1625)". University of Greifswald, Faculty of Arts. Archived from the original on 2011-07-19. Retrieved 2009-07-28.
  35. ^ "Kunstschätze". University of Greifswald, Kustodie. Archived from the original on 2009-10-04. Retrieved 2009-07-28.
  36. ^ Boëthius (1987), p.411
  37. ^ Schwarz (1988), p.14
  38. ^ Branig (1997), p.160
  39. ^ Steffen (1963), p.214

Bibliography

Philipp Julius, Duke of Pomerania
House of Pomerania
Born: 27 December 1584 Died: 6 February 1625
Preceded by Duke of Pomerania
1592–1625 		Succeeded by
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