Philipp von Stosch
Baron Philipp von Stosch or Philippe de Stosch etc. (22 March 1691 – 7 November 1757) was a Prussian antiquarian who lived in Rome and Florence.
He is mainly remembered for his huge collection of engraved gems, now mostly in Berlin, and his large books on that subject.
Life
Stosch was born in
Once again in Rome, Stosch became a dealer in art and antiquities at the center of the antiquarian group that were commissioning excavations in search of works of art. Above all he was a collector of engraved gems of antiquity, books and manuscripts, early engravings and drawings and reputedly a connoisseur of Roman men (reference to his homosexuality).[1] He financed his passions by some unorthodox means, including spying on the Jacobite court in Rome for Sir Robert Walpole's British Government.[2] Stosch was unmasked as a clandestine operative in 1731, and his life was threatened. He was forced to flee the Papal States and took refuge in Florence, under the tolerant rule of Grand Duke Gian Gastone de' Medici. There he settled into a long retirement devoted to connoisseurship, pensioned by the British until he died in 1757. Before long his growing collection required a separate house of its own. (ref. Datenbank Altertumswissenschaften)
Stosch was a founder of a
He encouraged young German artists, not merely those who illustrated his own works but others, like
Stosch is credited with making the
The baron's own great collection eventually contained over 10,000 cameos, intaglios, and antique glass pastes, the majority of which eventually went to the
Winckelmann's last letter, penned in the Trieste inn the night he was murdered by a young man he had just picked up, was addressed to Muzel-Stosch. In 1765 King
Among other elements in the dispersed collections, the Atlas—of 324 volumes— in which Stosch kept his drawings, among other things the entire cache of drawings left by the Baroque architect
Some of his medals were acquired by unconventional means. According to an anecdote related by
It was in looking over the gems of the royal cabinet of medals, that the keeper perceived the loss of one; his place, his pension, and his reputation were at stake; and he insisted that Baron Stosch should be most minutely examined: in this dilemma, forced to confession, this erudite collector assured the keeper of the royal cabinet, that the strictest search would not avail “Alas, sir! I have it here within,” he said, pointing to his breast. An emetic was suggested by the learned practitioner himself, probably from some former experiment.[8]
In 1764 some of his collections were sold at auction, his architectural drawings, strong in sixteenth century architects, went to enrich the
His profile portrait appears on a medal he commissioned from François Marteau in 1727.[9]
His widely circulated letters on antiquarian subjects were reassembled in Carl Justi, Antiquarische Briefe des Baron Philipp von Stosch (1871).
Baron Von Stosch was buried in the Old English Cemetery in Livorno, where his grave, still existing, is badly damaged.
Notes
- ^ Stosch was colourfully described by Sir Compton Mackenzie as 'an expatriated Prussian sodomite' (Diana Preston, The road to Culloden Moor: Bonnie Prince Charlie and the '45 Rebellion, 1995:21; Theo Aronson, Kings over the water: the saga of the Stuart pretenders, 1979:119); according to Jonathan Irvine Israel (Radical Enlightenment: Philosophy and the Making of Modernity 1650-1750, 2002:133), von Stosch was "the legendary deist, freemason, and open homosexual"; Tim Blanning, Frederick the Great, 2015
- ^ James Francis Edward Stuart was the permanent guest in Rome of the Papacy. In the wake of the Jacobite plot instigated by Francis Atterbury, Bishop of Rochester, revealed in 1721, all attentions paid at Rome to the "Old Pretender" by English and Scottish gentlemen on the Grand Tour were of interest to Walpole's ministry.
- ^ A Concise History of Freemasonry Archived 18 August 2007 at the Wayback Machine OLD EPSOMIAN LODGE
- ^ A copy of the second edition, 1747, was no. 148 in the sale of the library of Pallinsburn House, (Lyon & Turnbull) which also contained the Codex Stosch of drawings by Giovanni Battista da Sangallo [1]
- Johann Justin Preisler, another illustrator of Stosch's antiquities (refs Tuscher; Preisler).
- ^ Stosch's younger brother, who lived with him in Florence, had died in 1747 (ref. Datenbank Altertumswissenschaften).
- ^ The niello prints from Stosch formed the opening lots in the second auction.
- ^ Curiosities of Literature, 1791 etc. (on-line)
- ^ "Illustrated". Archived from the original on 26 August 2006. Retrieved 18 May 2006.
References
- Historisches Seminar der Universität Zürich[permanent dead link], Datenbank Altertumswissenschaften: Stosch, Philipp von
- Johann Justin Preisler, Four drawings of Antique intaglios probably executed for Stosch
- BBC News 12 July 2005: "'Lost' book is sold for £230,000"
- Burton Constable: The Dining Room
- Baron Heinrich Wilhelm (von Muzell-Stosch, (1723-1782): Portrait of Stosch's nephew and heir, at the Universitätsbibliothek Trier
- Joseph Connors, "Borromini, Hagia Sophia and S. Vitale," Architectural Studies in memory of Richard Krautheimer, ed. Cecil Striker, (Mainz am Rhein, 1996), pp. 43–48 (on-line pdf file)
- Antiquarian books: Otto, Ernst Peter. Catalog der Otto'schen Kupferstichsammlung[permanent dead link], Leipzig, J.B. Hirschfeld, 1851-1852
- Artnet.com Tuscher, Marcus
- Matteo Pelizzi: notes on the "English Lodge" at Florence, active c 1732-38
- G(eschichte) Stosch Brief family history
- Ottoboni Lat. 3025[permanent dead link] The codex from Queen Christina's library, given to the Vatican but stolen and passed into Stosch's collection, returned to the Vatican Library with the purchase of Stosch's manuscripts.
- Spencer, Leonard James (1911). Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 569–591. Section on signed gems and forged signatures in the wake of Gemmae antiquae caelatae. . In
Further reading
- Gołyźniak, Paweł, 2023. "From Stosch through Carafa to Hamilton and the British Museum: Provenance and study of some Egyptian scarabs and Near Eastern cylinder seals in the eighteenth century," Journal of the History of Collections, Volume 35, Issue 3, November: 441–454.
- Lesley Lewis, "Philipp von Stosch", in Apollo, 63, LXXXV, 1967, pp 320–327
- J.J.L. Whiteley, 1999. "Philipp von Stosch, Bernard Picart and the Gemmae Antiquae Caelatae", in Classicism to Neo-classicism: Essays dedicated to ISBN 1-84171-030-X
- Peter and Hilde Zazoff, 1983. Gemmensammler und Gemmenforscher : Von einer noblen Passion zur Wissenschaft (Munich: Beck Verlag) ISBN 3-406-08895-3
- Joern Lang, Netzwerke von Gelehrten: Eine Skizze antiquarischer Interaktion am Beispiel des Philipp von Stosch (1691–1757), in: J. Broch – M. Rassiller – D. Scholl (Hrsg.), Netzwerke der Moderne. Erkundungen und Strategien. Würzburg 2007 (= FORUM – Studien zur Moderneforschung 3) pp. 203–226.
- Erika Zwierlein-Diehl, Glaspasten im Martin-von Wagner-Museum der Universitaet Würzburg (1986) p 12.