Pilning railway station

Coordinates: 51°33′23″N 2°37′35″W / 51.5563°N 2.6265°W / 51.5563; -2.6265
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Pilning
Great Western Railway Class 158 train passes Pilning in 2018.
General information
LocationPilning, South Gloucestershire
England
Coordinates51°33′23″N 2°37′35″W / 51.5563°N 2.6265°W / 51.5563; -2.6265
Grid referenceST566844
Managed byGreat Western Railway
Platforms1
Other information
Station codePIL
ClassificationDfT category F2
History
Original companyGreat Western Railway
Pre-groupingGreat Western Railway
Post-groupingGreat Western Railway
Key dates
8 September 1863 (1863-09-08)Opened
1 December 1886Resited
9 July 1928Low Level station opened
23 November 1964Low Level station closed
29 November 1965Closed to goods
5 November 2016Westbound platform closed
Passengers
2018/19Decrease 458
2019/20Increase 710
2020/21Decrease 210
2021/22Increase 418
2022/23Decrease 338
Notes
Passenger statistics from the Office of Rail and Road

Pilning railway station is a minor station on the

Great Western Railway
, who provide the two train services per week from the station.

The station was opened by the

Severn Beach Line, which allowed passengers and freight to reach Avonmouth Docks
, though this only lasted until 1964. The goods yard was closed in 1965, and the station buildings later demolished, with very little in the way of facilities. Passenger services also declined, to two trains per day in the 1970s and the current service level of two trains per week in 2006.

The station's footbridge was removed in 2016 as part of

Great Western Main Line electrification project, meaning that only eastbound trains can now use the station. Campaigners have alleged this is part of an attempted closure by stealth
, although the incident raised the station's profile nationally. Pilning is one of the least-used stations in Britain, but passenger numbers have increased in recent years due to efforts by the Pilning Station Group.

Description

View westbound from Pilning towards the Severn Tunnel. The goods loops can be seen to the left and right.

Pilning railway station is located in the

London Paddington via Bristol Parkway.[2][3][4][5][note 1] West of Pilning, the railway descends into a cutting and then into the Severn Tunnel, emerging in Wales at Severn Tunnel Junction, 6 miles 76 chains (11.2 km) away.[1][3] The next station to the east is Patchway, 3 miles 46 chains (5.8 km) distant.[3] The station sits on an embankment, with a bridge over the road east of the station and over an irrigation channel at the west.[1]

The railway through Pilning has three tracks: from north to south these are the Up Tunnel towards Bristol; the Down Tunnel towards Wales; and then the Down Pilning Loop, also towards Wales. A fourth track, the Up Pilning Loop, ends just west of the station. All three tracks through the station are unidirectional. The two Tunnel lines have a 90 miles per hour (140 km/h) speed limit, while the loop has a speed limit of 40 miles per hour (64 km/h).[6] The line is electrified using overhead wires.[7] Despite there being three tracks, Pilning only has a single platform in use, Platform 1, on the north side of the line. This is 120 metres (130 yd) long and serves trains towards Bristol. The old down platform, Platform 2, sits between the Down Tunnel and Down Pilning Loop, but is no longer accessible to the public. It is 121 metres (132 yd) long.[6][8] There is an old brick station building on Platform 1 but it is not in railway use.[9] Infrastructure owner Network Rail has a compound at the station.[10]

Facilities at Pilning are extremely basic: the platform, which is covered by CCTV, has a bus stop-style shelter on it but no seats.[8][9]: 113  Customer help points on the platform and timetable boards provide service information, but there are no facilities for buying tickets. There is a free car park with 10 spaces and four bicycle stands, and also a payphone.[8] Access is via a long ramp from the main road.[11]

Pilning is consistently one of the least-used stations in Britain, recording fewer than 50 annual passengers several times between 1997 and 2015. Numbers have since increased by a factor of ten, thanks in part to campaigns by the Pilning Station Group; however as of 2017/18 it is still the 35th least used station of the 2,559 in Britain.[12][13][note 2]

Service

First Great Western Class 158
DMU 158766 calls with the 0834 to Taunton.

Pilning is managed by

Rail replacement buses do not call at Pilning; in the event of engineering works taxis are provided instead.[11][17]

Great Western Railway services between

London Paddington and South Wales pass through Pilning non-stop throughout the day, two trains per hour in each direction on weekdays, one train per hour at weekends.[19] Other Great Western Railway services between Cardiff and Taunton or Portsmouth Harbour also pass through non-stop, again two trains per hour in each direction on weekdays, one train per hour at weekends.[15] Freight trains also operate through Pilning, roughly two per hour each way, with many transporting coal between Bristol and South Wales.[20]
: 83, 163 

Preceding station National Rail National Rail Following station
Severn Tunnel Junction   Great Western Railway
Taunton - Cardiff Central
(Saturdays only, Eastbound only, limited service) 		  Patchway

History

Bristol and South Wales Union Railway

Pilning railway station first opened on 8 September 1863 when services began on the

New Passage 1 mile 76 chains (3.1 km) west.[3][4][22][23][note 3] There was a single platform on the north side of the line, and a siding to the south.[25] Few details are known about this iteration of the station, nor are there any photos from its time in use.[9]: 114  The station was 1 mile (1.6 km) east of the village of Pilning in Gloucestershire, on Pilning Street, a road between Pilning and Easter Compton, which was 1.5 miles (2.4 km) further south. The immediate area was farmland with little in the way of housing, although there was a pub, The Plough, across the road from the station. To the east the line crossed the road at a level crossing, which was operated from the station using levers.[26][27] There were initially six trains per day on weekdays in each direction, with three trains per day on Sundays.[25]

In 1868 the BSWUR was amalgamated with the

standard gauge.[21]
: 60 

Preceding station Historical railways Following station
Patchway   Bristol and South Wales Union Railway
(1863–1868) 		 
New Passage
  Great Western Railway
Bristol and South Wales Union Railway
(1868–1886) 		 

High Level station

A 1955 photo showing the High Level station and its buildings. Here an eastbound coal train is being assisted up the hill by a banking locomotive.

Although the BSWUR made travel from Bristol to Wales easier, the change from train to ferry to train was inconvenient, and so plans to build a tunnel under the Severn were considered even before the railway opened.[21]: 59 [28] Parliamentary permission was gained in 1872, with construction beginning in 1873.[29] GWR chairman Daniel Gooch and other directors visited Pilning in 1884 as part of an inspection tour of the works.[30] The route to the tunnel diverged from the New Passage line 35 chains (0.70 km) east of Pilning, necessitating the building of a replacement station on the new line, approximately 100 yards (90 m) south of the original.[9]: 112–114 [22][26] The new station opened with the first passenger services through the tunnel on 1 December 1886. The New Passage branch, including the original station, was closed to passengers the same day, despite requests from local residents that a reduced service continue to operate.[9]: 112–114 [31] The route remained in goods use to allow trains to deliver coal to the Severn Tunnel pumping station, which was on a spur off the New Passage route.[32][note 4]

The new station was built on an embankment, and would eventually become known as Pilning High Level. The railway crossed the road via a bridge east of the original station's level crossing, and the new station entrance adjacent to that level crossing. To the west the line went into a cutting descending towards the Severn Tunnel. The station embankment also crossed a small irrigation channel at Gumhurn Bridge.

St John Ambulance, with an annual awards event.[37]

The station had a large goods yard to the south and east of the station, including a cattle pen and loading bay at the east end of the northern platform.[9]: 112  A siding between the platforms and the junction was converted to a goods loop in 1904, a westbound goods loop south of the station was laid in 1905, and a further eastbound loop just west of the station in 1906.[35][36]: 70  The station had two signal boxes: Station Box was sited at the western end of the southern platform and had 54 levers; Junction Box was 0.25 miles (0.40 km) east at the eastern end of the goods yard and had 68 levers.[35][26] As the final station before the Severn Tunnel, the yard was used to inspect wagons before they entered the tunnel, and also to house an emergency rescue locomotive.[9]: 112 [38] Heavier trains had a special brake van added, as the standard Great Western brake van had an open veranda and thus exposed the guards to choking fumes while in the tunnel.[21]: 73–76  Banking locomotives were also kept at Pilning to help trains with the steep slopes between the Severn Tunnel and Patchway.[36]: 149–151 

The station in 1961. A motorail train is in the siding on the left, while a train for Cardiff passes on the right. The Low Level signal box can be seen at the far left.

In 1910, the GWR introduced a

shunting locomotives. Waterproof covers were available to protect cars from the conditions inside the tunnel, while passengers travelled in a coach hauled by the same train. There were usually two or three such trains per day. The service continued for more than fifty years, barring a cessation during World War I. The opening of the Severn Bridge in 1966, allowing direct road travel between Bristol and South Wales, brought about the end of the service, with the final train running on 6 October 1966.[9][35][36]
: 71–72 

Preceding station Historical railways Following station
Patchway   Great Western Railway
Bristol and South Wales Union Railway
(1886-1948) 		  Severn Tunnel Junction

Pilning Low Level

In 1900, the GWR built a new branch from the route to New Passage, running along the banks of the Severn to the docks at

ground frame. The level crossing had manually-controlled gates, requiring the signaller to leave the signal box in order to operate them. The crossing was also at the bottom of a gradient, with train operators advised to approach it cautiously. Trains working from Wales to Avonmouth required elaborate shunting moves – there was no path between the two without reversing – and so the level crossing was frequently closed, leading to traffic jams.[33]: 111–116, 141–142  A new route to Avonmouth, via Henbury, was opened in 1910, but no direct connection between South Wales and Avonmouth was built until 1971.[33]: 21, 115–116 [38]

In the early 1900s the nearby village of Severn Beach became a popular seaside resort, with a station opening there in 1922 for trains via Avonmouth. This spurred the upgrading of the line from Pilning to Avonmouth to passenger traffic: inspections occurred in 1927, approval was granted on 24 April 1928, and the first passenger services ran on 23 June 1928.[9][40][41] The station at Pilning on this line opened on 9 July 1928, referred to variously as Pilning Halt, Pilning Low Level Halt and Pilning Low Level, although the latter was the most common.[34][41] The station on the route via the Severn Tunnel was renamed Pilning High Level, with the station boards noting "Junction for Severn Beach and Avonmouth".[34][9] The total cost of construction of the new stations at Pilning, Cross Hands Halt and New Passage Halt was estimated at £502.[41]

The new Low Level station was on the site of the original station, 9 miles 39 chains (15.3 km) from Bristol Temple Meads. Patchway was the next station east, 3 miles 43 chains (5.7 km) away, while to the west Cross Hands Halt was 73 chains (1.5 km) distant.[22][3] The station had a single 150 feet (46 m)-long wooden platform on the north side of the line, with no facilities or lighting.[38][41][42] The shortness of the platform meant that only two carriages could be accommodated, and so passengers were required to travel in the correct part of the train in order to alight. Tickets were sold from the High Level station, whose stationmaster oversaw the Low Level also. The Low Level station handled parcels traffic, unlike other halts on the route.[9] The station had no water tower, and so locomotives were required to travel to High Level to use the facilities there.[36]: 75  A small shelter and platform lighting were added by 1959.[42] The initial service along this loop was nine trains per day on weekdays and four on Sundays, mostly running circular trips to and from Bristol Temple Meads via Clifton Down and Patchway.[32]

Preceding station Historical railways Following station
Patchway  
Severn Beach Line

(1928-1948) 		  Cross Hands Halt

British Rail

A British Rail Class 33 locomotive passes Pilning in 1982. The station buildings had been demolished by this point, with small bus stop-style shelters provided in their place.

When the railways were

work to rule incident precipitated the closure: a signaller at Pilning Branch Box took a sick day and train staff refused to work the crossing gates themselves. The line was officially closed on 1 September 1968 following this incident, with the Divisional Movements Manager stating it was surplus to requirements. The tracks and signal box remained in place until at least August 1970, but were eventually removed.[33]: 208  The site is now in agricultural use, and the only remnants of the station are level crossing gates: one remaining in situ, the other now used at the Didcot Railway Centre.[9]

The High Level station continued in use, but reverted to its original name, Pilning, on 6 May 1968.[34] During the 1950s a brick building was built on the northern platform, and around the same time the footbridge had its roof and walls removed, leaving users exposed to the elements.[9][21] The goods yard was closed on 29 November 1965, with the good loops westbound towards the tunnel cut short in February 1968 and the eastbound loop between the High Level station and the junction removed in May 1969.[9][36]: 185  The Motorail loading bay was used to store a fire service emergency train for the Severn Tunnel, however this had been relocated to Severn Tunnel Junction by 1991.[36]: 72  The Junction and Station signal boxes were closed on 15 March 1971, with control passed to Bristol Panel Signal Box at Bristol Temple Meads.[36]: 184  Passenger services had increased slightly by this point, with nine or ten trains each direction between Bristol and Cardiff from Monday to Saturday and two trains each way on Sundays, but this increase was short-lived, and by 1973 Pilning received only one train per day in each direction.[9][42][45] The station buildings had been boarded up by this point, and by 1982 had been demolished, with the exception of the 1950s brick building. Basic shelters were constructed on each platform as a replacement.[42] The few stopping trains had to be timed for daylight hours, as the station lighting had been disconnected.[16] British Rail was split into business-led sectors in the 1980s, at which time operations at Pilning passed to Regional Railways.[46]

Preceding station Historical railways Following station
Patchway  
Severn Beach Line

(1948–1964) 		  Cross Hands Halt
  Western Region of British Railways
South Wales Main Line
(1948–1982) 		  Severn Tunnel Junction
  Regional Railways
South Wales Main Line
(1982–1997) 		 

Post-privatisation

The station in 2009, view eastwards.

The British rail network was

National Express, in 2001.[49][50] The Wessex franchise was amalgamated with the Great Western franchise into the Greater Western franchise from 2006, and responsibility passed to First Great Western, a subsidiary company of FirstGroup, rebranded as Great Western Railway in 2015.[51][52][53][54] Services continued at two per day under Wales & West and Wessex Trains, however the Greater Western franchise of 2006 specified only two trains per week at Pilning, and so the service was reduced: from Cardiff to Bristol on Saturday morning and back the same afternoon.[16][55][56] The station, isolated and with a skeleton service, was one of the least used stations in the country, with less than 100 passengers per year.[57][58][note 2]

Despite the low patronage, there was local interest in the station. The Pilning Station Group, founded by local resident Jonathan King in the 1980s, campaigned for an increase in services.[16] Upon King's death in 2014, a small plaque dedicated to him was added to the brick abutment of the footbridge.[60] The group devised challenges for people to travel from Pilning on the morning train, get as far as possible, and then return on the evening train.[16] The group also successfully campaigned for an extra train to call to support a local music festival.[61]

A Great Western Railway Class 800 train speeds through Pilning in 2018. The Pilning footbridge was demolished to allow trains such as this to operate on electric power from overhead wires.
21st-century modernisation of the Great Western main line
.

On 5 November 2016, the footbridge at Pilning was demolished by Network Rail as part of the

Friends of Suburban Bristol Railways claim that Network Rail saved £658,000 by removing the bridge, and that a replacement would cost in the region of £5,000,000–£7,000,000.[72] The Severn Tunnel electrification works made use of the Network Rail compound at Pilning, were completed in 2020, having been delayed due to corrosion in the tunnel.[7][10][64][73][74][75]

Preceding station Historical railways Following station
Patchway   Wales & West
South Wales Main Line
(1997–2001) 		  Severn Tunnel Junction
  Wessex Trains
South Wales Main Line
(2001-2006) 		 

Incidents

Railway staff have suffered injuries or death at Pilning; in 1893, signalman George Hann sustained severe cuts to the neck and throat after being hit by shards of glass from an unwanted bottle of lemon squash, which had been thrown from a passing train and smashed against the signal box's woodwork.

natural causes: train driver James Winnicombe, who collapsed on the footplate in 1929; and track worker John Holbrook, who died in a workmen's cabin in 1932.[79][80][81]

Passengers have also been the victims of accidents. On 31 May 1874, a seven-year-old child, Arthur Edward Claypole, and a nurse, Maria Hall, fell from an express train. Claypole had been leaning on the door when it came open causing him to fall out, with Hall jumping out after him. Claypole died from the injuries sustained. An insufficient door fastening was cited as the cause of the incident.[82][83]

A major incident occurred in 1933, when a

restaurant car, spread to two other coaches. The train was stopped at Pilning, where the three burning carriages were removed to a siding and allowed to burn, also setting fire to the grass on the embankment. There were no injuries among the passengers; an attendant was injured while attempting to rescue property from the burning carriages. The rest of the train continued to Barnstaple and arrived an hour late, but 70 passengers from the affected carriages had to be carried by a later train.[84][85]

Future

Service improvements at Pilning are supported by both the Pilning Station Group and Friends of Suburban Bristol Railways. While

B4055 Cross Hands Road crosses the railway. This site is within the village of Pilning, offering better road access and bus interchange. The railway at this point is four-track, allowing stopping trains to be overtaken by fast trains.[86][87] The plan won the Oliver Lovell Award for best new group at the 2018 Railfuture awards.[88]

There are expected to be increases in the number of trains passing through Pilning in the years to 2043, with a predicted service of ten passenger trains and up to two freight trains per hour in each direction. Network Rail estimate that 15 trains per hour in each direction could use the route if European Train Control System signalling was implemented.[20]: 30, 70, 76, 87 

Notes

  1. ^ Railways in the United Kingdom are, for historical reasons, measured in miles and chains. There are 80 chains to the mile.
  2. ^ a b Annual estimated passenger usage based on sales of tickets in stated financial year(s) which end or originate at Patchway, from Office of Rail and Road statistics.[59] Methodology may vary year on year.
  3. Filton and Patchway. Further intermediate stations were opened at Ashley Hill in 1864 and Horfield in 1927.[21]: 65 [9]: 69, 111 [24]
  4. ^ Oakley[9] states that the track was lifted, however Mitchell and Smith,[25] Rendall,[33]: 12  and Yorke[32] state that the branch remained in occasional use for coal traffic to the pumping station.

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  87. ^ "Leaflet" (PDF) (Press release). South East Wales and West of England Business Link. 18 April 2018. Retrieved 15 October 2019.
  88. ^ "Rail User Group award winners" (Press release). Railfuture. 11 November 2018. Retrieved 15 October 2019.

External links

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