Polish Resettlement Act 1947

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Polish Resettlement Act 1947
Act of Parliament
10 & 11 Geo. 6. c. 19
Territorial extent England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland
Dates
Royal assent27 March 1947
Status: Amended
Text of statute as originally enacted
Text of the Polish Resettlement Act 1947 as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from legislation.gov.uk.

The Polish Resettlement Act 1947 (

10 & 11 Geo. 6. c. 19) was the first ever mass immigration legislation of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It offered British citizenship to over 250,000 displaced Polish troops on British soil who had fought against Nazi Germany and opposed the Soviet
takeover of their homeland. The act also supplied a labour force to the demands of war-torn Britain.

Background

The

Polish British
community as it exists today.

In advance of the war, the

Polish Cypher Bureau broke the early version of the Enigma machine and gave their knowledge to the British, forming the basis for British cryptographic breakthroughs that produced the Ultra intelligence that was a key factor in many Allied successes during the war.[1]

The majority of Poles came to the United Kingdom to help the

Polish government in exile
transferred to London, along with a first wave of at least 20,000 soldiers and airmen. Thousands more followed throughout the war.

Poles formed the fourth-largest Allied armed force in Europe after the Soviets, the Americans and the combined troops of the British Empire. Poles were the largest group of

Battle of the Falaise Gap, the Battle of Arnhem, the Siege of Tobruk and the liberation of many European cities including Bologna and Breda
.

By July 1945, 228,000 troops of the

Anders Army and marched to Persia to create the II Corps (Poland)
under British high command.

Yalta

The Polish II Corps was instrumental in the Allied defeat of the Germans in North Africa and Italy, and its members hoped to return to Kresy in an independent and democratic Poland at the end of the War. But at Yalta, Churchill agreed Stalin should keep the Soviet gains that Adolf Hitler had endorsed in the Nazi-Soviet Pact, including Kresy, and carry out Polish population transfers. Consequently, Churchill had agreed that tens of thousands of veteran Polish troops under British command should lose their Kresy homes to the Soviet Union, with the implication that relatives including wives and children would be at the mercy of the NKVD.[2] In reaction, thirty officers and men from the II Corps (Poland) committed suicide.[3]

Churchill explained his actions in a three-day parliamentary debate starting 27 February 1945, which ended in a

vote of confidence. Many MPs openly criticised Churchill over Yalta and voiced strong loyalty to Britain's Polish allies.[3] Some reporters felt Churchill was not confident Poland would be the independent and democratic country Polish troops could return to, because the prime minister also said: 'His Majesty's Government will never forget the debt they owe to the Polish troops... I earnestly hope it will be possible for them to have citizenship and freedom of the British empire, if they so desire.'[4]

During the debate, 25 MPs risked their careers to draft an amendment protesting against Britain's tacit acceptance of Poland's domination by the Soviet Union. These members included

Viscount Dunglass; Lord Willoughby de Eresby and Victor Raikes.[3] After the failure of the amendment, Henry Strauss, the Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Town and Country, resigned from the government in protest at the British treatment of Poland.[3]

Legislation

When the Second World War ended,

Emil Fieldorf and Witold Pilecki, and finally, the creation of the Eastern Bloc
.

The result was the Polish Resettlement Act 1947, Britain's first mass immigration law.

Large numbers of Poles, after occupying resettlement camps of the

Polish Australian
communities.

In the 1951 Census, the Polish-born population of the UK numbered some 162,339, up from 44,642 in 1931.[6][7]

At the same time, Britain's social and economic areas had been hard hit by the Second World War, and to rebuild itself physically and financially it required a workforce to do it quickly and effectively. The Polish Resettlement Act enabled Poles to settle in Britain and provide labour. They formed much of the

Polish British community as it existed prior to Poland's accession to the European Union
in 2004, and any immigration to Britain which followed.

See also

References

  1. ^ "How Poles cracked Nazi Enigma secret". BBC News. 20 July 2009. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
  2. ^ "WWII Behind Closed Doors - PBS". WWII Behind Closed Doors - PBS.
  3. ^ a b c d pp.374-383 Olson and Cloud 2003
  4. ^ "Pittsburgh Post-Gazette - Google News Archive Search". news.google.com.
  5. doi:10.1093/jrs/1.3-4.214
    .
  6. ISBN 0-333-28209-4
    .
  7. ^ Burrell, Kathy (2002). "Migrant memories, migrant lives: Polish national identity in Leicester since 1945" (PDF). Transactions of the Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society (76): 59–77.

External links

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