Progressive Republicans (France)

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Progressive Republicans
Républicains progressistes
Republicanism
Political positionCentre-right
Colours  Blue

The Progressive Republicans (French: Républicains progressistes) were a parliamentary group in France active during the late 19th century during the French Third Republic.

The group was formed in 1889 after a split from the

right-wing after the monarchists
' decline during the end of the century.

The Progressive Republicans were later reunited into the Liberal Republican Union (French: Union libérale républicaine).

History

Origins

Until the 1880s, the

monarchy
. However, the Democratic Union was unable to effectively change the political system, characterised by its instability.

In 1887, the parliamentary opposition (

conservative republicans led by Georges Patinot [fr
] launched the Liberal Republic Union in 1889.

Liberal Republican Union

Liberal Republican Union
Union libérale républicaine
Chairman
Republicanism
Political positionCentre-right
Colours  Blue
Staff (1890) 77

The Liberal Union claimed the heritage of

liberalism, but while strong in the Senate it was a minority in the Chamber of Deputies, where it had only eight deputies.[2] However, the Liberal Union was supported by Patinot's Journal des débats. Depicting Boulanger as "a new Napoleon", the party claimed an agreement between moderate republicans and anti-Bonapartist monarchists reminiscent of the 1863 legislative election.[3] The Liberal Union started to depict itself as "liberal and unswervingly conservative",[4] opposing the imposition of an income tax and separation of church and state
and after fractures inside the Boulangist movement became the party of farmers, Catholics, bankers, industrialists, lawyers and journalists.

The chair committee of the Liberal Union was headed by

political Catholicism and allied with the monarchists.[7] Rejecting monarchism, the Liberal Union added the appeal Republican to its name in opposition to the Liberal Union of the Rights of the conservative monarchists.[8]

Divisions and dissolution

However, the presence of Progressives caused the Republican Concentration to move toward the parliamentary

centre. In the late 1890s, the Liberal Republican Union also lost its free market tradition of protectionism, supported by prominent politician Jules Méline. This change led to the departure of Léon Say from the party in 1896. Theparty remained united until the Dreyfus affair in 1894, when it opposed both radical socialists and rebel nationalists,[9] condemning the rampant antisemitism in public life and supporting in 1889 along with the socialists Prime Minister Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau, a moderate republican.[10]

Two factions developed in the Liberal Republican Union, namely Méline's supporters who were generally anti-Dreyfusard and anti-socialist and Barboux's liberals who supported the government. However, after the fall of Waldeck-Rousseau Cabinet in 1902 the party returned to opposing both socialists and nationalists. With the formation of the first political parties in France in the early 1900s, the Radical-Socialist Party (PRRRS) and the Democratic Republican Alliance (ARD), the Liberal Republican Union tried to create a Progressive Party[11] which would have personified the conservative spirit of the Republic, along with the liberal ARD and the radical PRRRS. Jacques Piou, member of the Rallies, supported the idea of a Tory party in France, born by the fusion of conservative republicans and the Rallies.[12]

Journalist

liberal-conservative Republican Federation led by Auguste Isaac. With the creation of the National Bloc
in 1919, Liberal Action merged into the Republican Federation, completing the union of the republican right.

Prominent members

Electoral results

Presidential elections

Election year Candidate No. of first round votes % of first round vote No. of second round votes % of second round vote Won/Loss
1894 Jean Casimir-Perier 451 53.37% Won
1895 Félix Faure 244 31.00% 430 53.75% Won
1899 Émile Loubet 483 59.48% Won

Legislative elections

Chamber of Deputies
Election year No. of
overall votes 		% of
overall vote 		No. of
overall seats won 		+/– Leader
1893 3,187,670 (1st) 45.30%
317 / 581
Decrease 37
Charles Dupuy
1898 3,262,725 (1st) 45.30%
254 / 585
Decrease 63
Jules Méline
1902 1,808,736 (2nd) 21.50%
127 / 589
Decrease 127
Alexandre Ribot

See also

References

  1. ^ "L'Association républicaine du Centenaire de 1789". Le Temps. 9–19 February 1888.
  2. ^ Journal des débats, 7–8 October 1889.
  3. ^ Sylvie Aprile (2010). La Révolution inachevée 1815-1870. Belin.
  4. ^ Journal des débats, 16 March 1889.
  5. ^ Barboux (cf. bibliographie).
  6. ^ ULR, May 1897.
  7. ^ Journal des débats, 8 April 1893, p. 4.
  8. ^ Journal des débats, 5 March 1892.
  9. ^ L'Union républicaine des cantons de Roubaix, 11 June 1899.
  10. ^ Le Figaro, 6 July 1899, p. 3.
  11. ^ Le Figaro, 26 May 1896.
  12. ^ Journal des débats, 28 January 1893, p. 2.
  13. ^ Journal des débats, 14 April 1893, p. 2.
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