Province of Pola
Province of Pola Provincia de Pola | |||||||||
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Province of the Kingdom of Italy | |||||||||
1923–1947 | |||||||||
Capital | Paris Peace Treaty | 10 February 1947 | |||||||
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Today part of | Croatia and Slovenia |
Province of Pola (
Demographics
The province of Pola was divided in 1938 into 42 .
The 1921 Italian Census showed that in the province there were 199,942
Nearly 96% of the population was
History
The province of Pola was created in January 1923 with "Regio Decreto # 53" after Italy's victory in World War I that united Istria to the Kingdom of Italy: it was the former
Initially, the province was made of all the areas of Istria. It was also made up of less Muggia and other small municipalities united to the province of Trieste. But in 1924, the area of "Circondario di Volosca-Abbazia" – less the municipalities of Castelnuovo d'Istria and Matteria- was united to the province of Fiume.[2]
Following the collapse of Austria-Hungary in 1918, Pola and the whole of Istria – except the territory of Castua – were assigned to Italy.[3]
Under the Italian Fascist government of Benito Mussolini, non-Italians, especially Slavic residents, faced a political and cultural repression, and some fled the city of Pola and Istria altogether.
After the collapse of Fascist Italy in September 1943, the city and the province were occupied by the German Army as part of the Operational Zone of the Adriatic Littoral. Consequently, the province was subjected to repeated Allied bombing from 1943 until the end of 1944. In the last phase of the war Pola and the province saw arrests, deportations and executions of people suspected of aiding Tito's partisans.
In the early 1930s, the Ferrovia Istriana and the railways station of Pola were improved, while in 1935 the Ferrovia Parenzana was closed (an old narrow gauge railway). New navigation lines from Istria were added, mainly toward Trieste, Venice and Ancona; a weekly ship service that connected all the minor ports of Istria from Trieste to Pola and to Fiume was created. From 1935 the "Adriatica di Navigazione" connected Pola with Zara and Ancona for large modern ships.
In the 1930s, the province of Pola enjoyed an economic revival based on minerary exploitation (coal in Valdarsa) and infrastructure investments. The Via Flavia – from Trieste to Pola – was enlarged and reduced in distance; the railways were improved and the water facilities increased with the new "Acquedotto Istriano". The port and shipyard of Pola were increased with modern military facilities, while an airport was built in the same area.[4]
Even tourism stated to be increased, mainly to the Roman ruins of Pola: in 1938, the Italian region of Istria had 129,838 foreign visitors.
List of prefects of the province of Pola (1923–45)
See also
References
- ^ Annuario Generale 1938-XVI, Consociazione Turistica Italiana. Milano,1938 p. 661
- ^ R.D.L. 22 febbraio 1924, n. 213. s:R.D.L. 22 febbraio 1924, n. 213 - "Istituzione della provincia del Carnaro con capoluogo Fiume" (Creation of province of Carnaro, called even "provincia di Fiume")
- ^ Cresswell, Atkins & Dunn 2006, p. 117.
- ^ Treccani: Istria (in Italian)
Bibliography
- Cresswell, Peterjon; Atkins, Ismay; Dunn, Lily (2006). Time Out Croatia. London: Ebury Publishing, Random House. ISBN 978-1-904978-70-1.
- Gombač, Boris (2007). Atlante storico dell'Adriatico orientale (in Italian). Pontedera: Bandecchi & Vivaldi Editori.