Rachel Dübendorfer

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Rachel Dübendorfer
Red Three
Service years1942–1945
CodenameSissy

Rachel Dübendorfer (

Red Three
Swiss resistance movement.

Personal life

Dübendorfer was born in

Paul Böttcher.[5] She died in 1973 in East Berlin, East Germany.[2]

Career

In 1918, Dübendorfer joined the

Second World War, she worked as a secretary at the League of Nations International Labour Organization and also led a group of Swiss communist informants in Geneva, Switzerland.[4] Dübendorfer began receiving sensitive information from sources in the organisation.[6] She received intelligence reports from German refugee Rudolf Roessler[7][8] (nicknamed Lucy)[5][6] in return for not revealing his identity.[8] Their operation was known as the Lucy spy ring.[5]

The organisation of the Sissy network

In May 1941, Dübendorfer met

Red Three resistance movement.[7] Others in the movement included Georges Blun and Otto Pünter.[5][9] In 1942, Dübendorfer received German military information about the planned Case Blue invasion of the Soviet Union (USSR), which was eventually transmitted to the Soviet Union.[6]

Initially, Dübendorfer did not mention to Radó the name of Roessler, her most important informant.[3] In November 1943, Dübendorfer became the lone Red Three member after leaders, including Radó, were arrested and imprisoned.[10] Dübendorfer tried unsuccessfully to contact Moscow through Hermina Rabinovitch, a friend who lived in Montreal, Canada.[11]

Afterward, Dübendorfer refused to co-operate with Soviet leader Joseph Stalin and did not want to send information back to Moscow.[5] She provided information to MI6 officers in Switzerland, under the proviso that this information was not shared with Moscow.[3] In April 1944, Dübendorfer and Böttcher were captured.[10] She was imprisoned in the USSR and later East Germany from 1946 until 1956 and so she never became a leader.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d "Ergebnis der Suche nach: nid=1065691734" (in German). German National Library. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g "Dübendorfer, Rachel" (in German). Historical Dictionary of Switzerland. 10 June 2002. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
  3. ^
    ISBN 9781849547642
    . Retrieved 15 January 2019.
  4. ^
    ISBN 9781497622562
    . Retrieved 17 January 2019.
  5. ^
    Presidio Press. Retrieved 15 January 2019 – via WorldCat
    .
  6. ^
    ISBN 9781442222380
    . Retrieved 17 January 2019.
  7. ^
    ISBN 9780199880584
    .
  8. ^
    ISBN 9781780962436
    . Retrieved 16 January 2019.
  9. ISBN 9780195113907
    . Retrieved 17 January 2019.
  10. ^ a b "Werther hat nie gelebt". Der Spiegel (in German). 10 July 1972. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
  11. ISBN 9781134265756
    . Retrieved 15 January 2019.
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