Raid on Yarmouth
Raid on Yarmouth | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Part of the First World War | |||||||
North Sea | |||||||
| |||||||
Belligerents | |||||||
United Kingdom | German Empire | ||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
David Beatty | Franz von Hipper | ||||||
Strength | |||||||
3 destroyers 1 minesweeper 3 submarines |
3 battlecruisers 1 armoured cruiser 4 light cruisers | ||||||
Casualties and losses | |||||||
21 killed 3 wounded 1 submarine sunk |
235 killed 1 armoured cruiser sunk | ||||||
Three British fishing trawlers were sunk during the raid | |||||||
The Raid on Yarmouth, on 3 November 1914, was an attack by the
Background
In October 1914, the Imperial German Navy (
Raiding British coastal towns might force the Royal Navy to alter the disposition of its ships to protect them. The British kept the greater part of the Grand Fleet together, so it would have superiority if it engaged the German Navy. The Germans hoped to encourage the British to detach more ships from the Grand Fleet for coastal defence, increasing the likelihood that the German Navy could attack isolated ships before the Grand Fleet could intervene.[2]
Prelude
The Yarmouth raid was carried out by the German
Raid
At 16:30 on 2 November 1914, the battlecruiser squadron left its base on the Jade River. Two squadrons of German battleships followed slightly later, to lie in wait for ships that the battlecruisers might have lured. By midnight, the squadron was sufficiently north to be passing fishing trawlers from various countries. By 06:30 on 3 November, the patrol sighted a marker buoy at "Smith's Knoll Watch", allowing them to determine their exact position and close in to Yarmouth.[4] The Yarmouth coast was patrolled by the minesweeper HMS Halcyon and the old destroyers HMS Lively and Leopard. Halcyon spotted two cruisers, which she challenged. The response came in the form of shellfire from small and then larger guns. Arthur Pollen wrote that
Private letters speak of salvoes falling short and over in the most disconcerting manner, and of the ship being so drenched with water as to be in danger of foundering. One man was lost through a fragment of a shell.
— Pollen[5]
Lively—some 2
Halcyon—out of immediate danger—radioed a warning of the presence of German ships. The destroyer HMS Success moved to join them, while three more destroyers in harbour began raising steam. The submarines HMS E10, D5 and D3—inside the harbour—moved out to join the chase, but D5 struck a mine and sank. At 08:30, Halcyon returned to harbour and provided a report of what had happened.[7]
At 09:55, Admiral
Aftermath
Admiral Hipper was awarded an Iron Cross but refused to wear it, feeling little had been accomplished. Although the results were not spectacular, German commanders were heartened by the ease with which Hipper had arrived and departed and were encouraged to try again. The lack of reaction from the British had been due partly to news that morning of a much more serious loss at the Battle of Coronel and because Admiral John Jellicoe, commander of the Grand Fleet, was on a train returning to his ships at the time of the raid.[9] According to Winston Churchill, the First Lord of the Admiralty, the British could not believe there was nothing more to the raid than briefly shelling Yarmouth and were waiting for something else to happen.[10]
Orders of battle
Royal Navy
- HMS Halcyon, minesweeper, flagship
- HMS Lively, destroyer
- HMS Leopard, destroyer
- HMS Success, destroyer
- HMS E10, submarine
- HMS D5, submarine
- HMS D3, submarine
Imperial German Navy
- SMS Seydlitz, battlecruiser, flagship
- SMS Von der Tann, battlecruiser
- SMS Moltke, battlecruiser
- SMS Blücher, armoured cruiser
- SMS Strassburg, light cruiser
- SMS Graudenz, light cruiser
- SMS Kolberg, light cruiser
- SMS Stralsund, light cruiser
See also
Notes
References
- OCLC 769844622.
- ISBN 978-1-84342-489-5. Retrieved 4 September 2016.
- OCLC 865180297.
- ISBN 0-224-04092-8.
- Pollen, A. J. H. (1919). The British Navy in Battle. Garden City, NY: Doubleday. OCLC 710122. Retrieved 21 January 2016.
- Ward, J. M. (1992) [1989]. Dawn Raid. The Bombardment of The Hartlepools, Wednesday, December 16th, 1914 (2nd ed.). Bishop Auckland: Printability. ISBN 1-872239-01-3.