Rebel Faction (Cultural Revolution)
During the Cultural Revolution, a Rebel Faction (Chinese: 造反派; pinyin: Zàofǎn pài) referred to a group or a sociopolitical movement that was self-proclaimed "rebellious". Composed of workers and students, they were often the more radical wing of the Red Guards and grew around 1967, but were accompanied by further splits and sectarianism.
Origins
The rebel students largely continued the
Yin Hongbiao points out that the rebels only gradually formed a formal faction after Red August on August 18, 1966.[3]
Structures
Rebel students
After the Red August in August 1966, radical students who had been criticized for their "bad blood" began to call themselves "rebels".[1]: 155 [4] The main targets of the rebels were those in power, the work teams and the Party organs. In principle, the rebels also criticized the "bourgeois reactionary academic authorities," but they were much less active than the conservative faction of Red Guards in this regard.[3]
Rebel workers
As the Red Guard movement progressed, the working class also became involved in the movement. Compared to the students, the workers had much less propaganda tools, but Mao expressed clear support for the workers in 1968.[5]
Harder to dismiss than the students, the workers were long hailed as the builders of China by officials, but they also blamed the bureaucracy for its shortcomings during this period.[2]: 117–118
Development and factionalism
As the Cultural Revolution progressed, they had become an important faction of the Red Guards by early 1967. Mao Zedong and the left wing of the Party (such as the
References
- ^ ISBN 978-0674064133.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-19-005260-7.
- ^ . Retrieved 11 June 2023.
- . Retrieved 11 June 2023.
- ^ Li, Xun; Perry, Elizabeth J. (1993). "Revolutionary Rudeness: The Language of Red Guards and Rebel Workers in China's Cultural Revolution". Center For East Asian Research: 13–15. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
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