Stinking Old Ninth

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

The Stinking Old Ninth (Chinese: 臭老九; pinyin: chòu lǎo jiǔ) is a Chinese dysphemism for intellectuals used at two major points, the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368) and the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976).[1][2]

History

The Yuan dynasty

The term originated during the

Taoist priests, physicians, workers, hunters, prostitutes, (ninth) Confucian scholars and finally beggars, with only beggars at a status below the intellectuals.[1][3]

The Cultural Revolution

During the

anti-revolutionaries, bad influences, right-wingers), further included traitors, spies, capitalist roaders and (ninth) intellectuals.[6][7][8]

Ministry of Foreign Affairs [are at] a place where intellectuals are concentrated, am I wrong? You two are stinking intellectuals, you should admit this, being the stinking old ninth category, the old ninth category cannot [just] walk away.

After the Cultural Revolution, in August 1977, Deng Xiaoping mentioned in a meeting that it was the Gang of Four who came up with the phrase and that Mao himself saw intellectuals as still having some value in society.[20]

See also

References

  1. ^
    ISBN 978-1-000-71302-2
    .
  2. ^ Li, Kwok-sing (1995). A Glossary of Political Terms of the People's Republic of China. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press. pp. 27–28.
  3. ^ Ya Se (雅瑟) and Qing Ping (青苹), eds. (2014). 中华词源 (Etymologies of China). Available on Google Books.
  4. ISBN 978-1-134-26520-6
    .
  5. ISBN 978-962-996-481-8
    .
  6. ^ a b c d Wang, Laidi (2003). "毛泽东的知识分子政策" [Mao Zedong's policies on intellectuals]. Modern China Studies (3). Archived from the original on 2024-03-18.
  7. ^ Song, Yongyi (August 25, 2011). "Chronology of Mass Killings during the Chinese Cultural Revolution (1966–1976)". Sciences Po. Archived from the original on 2024-01-14. Retrieved December 27, 2019.
  8. ^ Mann, Jim (1985-09-18). "'It's Not the Same Communist Party It Was' : China's Old Soldiers Yielding to Technocrats". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2024-03-23.
  9. ^
    ISBN 978-962-996-481-8
    .
  10. ISBN 978-0-521-88462-4
    , retrieved 2024-03-23
  11. ^
    ISBN 978-0-691-13495-6
    .
  12. ^ Bao, Tong (2014-08-29). "'Mao And Deng Were The Same, And We Should Ditch Them'". Radio Free Asia. Retrieved 2024-03-23.
  13. ^ "Echoes of persecutions past in China's intellectual crackdown". South China Morning Post. 2017-06-08. Archived from the original on 2024-02-20. Retrieved 2024-03-23.
  14. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.04.013
    .
  15. ^
    ISBN 978-1-009-18097-9
    , retrieved 2024-03-23
  16. ^ Zhou, Enlai (1962-03-02). "论知识分子问题" [On the issue of intellectuals]. Marxists Internet Archive (in Chinese). Retrieved 2024-03-23.
  17. The University of Chicago. Archived
    (PDF) from the original on 2020-04-17.
  18. ^ Mao, Zedong (1975-05-03). "毛泽东同在京中央政治局委员的谈话（1975年5月3日）" [Chairman Mao's Talk with Members of the Politburo who Were in Beijing]. Marxists Internet Archive (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2024-03-17.
  19. ^ The Secretarial Bureau of the Office of the Central Committee (1975-05-03). "Chairman Mao's Talk with Members of the Politburo who Were in Beijing" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-03-13.
  20. ^ Deng Xiaoping (1984). "Mao Zedong Thought Must be Correctly Understood as an Integral Whole". Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping. Vol. 2. Beijing: Foreign Language Press.
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