Regina Maria Pia-class ironclad
![]() Regina Maria Pia c. 1870
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Class overview | |
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Name | Regina Maria Pia class |
Builders | |
Operators | ![]() |
Preceded by | Re d'Italia class |
Succeeded by | Roma class |
Built | 1862–1866 |
In commission | 1864–1910 |
Completed | 4 |
Retired | 4 |
General characteristics [a] | |
Type | Ironclad warship |
Displacement |
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Length | 81.2 m (266 ft 5 in) |
Beam | 15.24 m (50 ft 0 in) |
Draft | 6.35 m (20 ft 10 in) |
Installed power | |
Propulsion |
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Speed | 12.96 knots (24.00 km/h; 14.91 mph) |
Range | 2,600 nmi (4,800 km) at 10 kn (19 km/h; 12 mph) |
Complement | 480–485 |
Armament |
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Armor |
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The Regina Maria Pia class was a group of four
All four ships saw action at the Battle of Lissa during the Third Italian War of Independence in 1866. Regina Maria Pia was badly burned in the battle, but the other three vessels were not seriously damaged. The ships served in a variety of roles for the remainder of their long careers; they were modernized in the late 1880s and thereafter used as a training ships. Regina Maria Pia, San Martino, and Ancona were discarded in 1903–1904, and Castelfidardo joined them in the breaker's yard in 1910.
Design
Following the
General characteristics and machinery
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Regina_Maria_Pia_%281863%29_Plan.jpg/220px-Regina_Maria_Pia_%281863%29_Plan.jpg)
The ships of the Regina Maria Pia class varied in their dimensions. Regina Maria Pia and San Martino, built by the same shipyard, were identical in size, while Castelfidardo and Ancona, though each built by different shipyards, also were identical. The first two ships were 75.48 meters (247.6 ft)
The ships were constructed with iron
The ships' propulsion system consisted of one single-expansion, two-cylinder
Armament
The Regina Maria Pia class were
In 1871, all four ships were re-armed with two 220 mm (8.7 in) muzzle-loading guns and eight 8 in muzzle-loading guns, with a ninth 8 in gun added in 1880. Regina Maria Pia and San Martino were later re-equipped with eight 152 mm (6 in) quick-firing (QF) guns, five 120 mm (4.7 in) QF guns, four 57 mm (2.2 in) QF guns, and eight 37 mm (1.5 in) Hotchkiss revolver cannon. In 1884, Castelfidardo received the same battery of light guns, though she had a sixth 4.7 in gun. When Ancona was similarly re-armed, she only had two of the 37 mm revolver cannon. All four ships were also equipped with three torpedo tubes, with the exception of Castelfidardo, which received two tubes.[2][3]
Ships
Name | Builder[2] | Laid down[2] | Launched[2] | Completed[2] |
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Regina Maria Pia | Société Nouvelle des Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée | 22 July 1862 | 28 April 1863 | 17 April 1864 |
San Martino | 21 September 1863 | 9 November 1864 | ||
Castelfidardo | Gouin et Guibert | 1 August 1863 | May 1864 | |
Ancona | Arman Brothers | 11 August 1862 | 17 October 1864 | April 1866 |
Service history
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Castelfidardo_frigate_1864_01.jpg/220px-Castelfidardo_frigate_1864_01.jpg)
All four ships of the class entered service in time to see action during the Third Italian War of Independence against the Austrian Navy in 1866. Persano, now the commander of the Italian fleet, adopted a cautious strategy and conducted only one major offensive operation, which was directed at the island of Lissa.[4] There, the Austrian fleet under Wilhelm von Tegetthoff attacked the Italians. The four Regina Maria Pias all took part in the ensuing Battle of Lissa.[5] Regina Maria Pia had been set on fire and badly burned in the battle, and minor fires were started by Austrian shells aboard San Martino and Castelfidardo, but neither were seriously damaged. Ancona emerged relatively unscathed, with only minor damage to her iron plates.[6]
After the war, the Italian naval budget was slashed; the cuts were so severe that the fleet had great difficulty in mobilizing its ironclad squadron to attack the port of
Footnotes
Notes
- ^ Figures are for Regina Maria Pia
Citations
- ^ Fraccaroli, pp. 335, 339.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Fraccaroli, p. 339.
- ^ a b c d e Ordovini, Petronio, & Sullivan, p. 342.
- ^ Greene & Massignani, pp. 217–222.
- ^ Sondhaus, pp. 1–2.
- ^ Wilson, p. 245.
- ^ Fraccaroli, p. 336.
- ^ Ordovini, Petronio, & Sullivan, pp. 343–344.
References
- Fraccaroli, Aldo (1979). "Italy". In Gardiner, Robert (ed.). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905. London: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 334–359. ISBN 978-0-85177-133-5.
- Greene, Jack; Massignani, Alessandro (1998). Ironclads at War: The Origin and Development of the Armored Warship, 1854–1891. Pennsylvania: Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-938289-58-6.
- Ordovini, Aldo F.; Petronio, Fulvio & Sullivan, David M. (December 2014). "Capital Ships of the Royal Italian Navy, 1860–1918: Part I: The Formidabile, Principe di Carignano, Re d'Italia, Regina Maria Pia, Affondatore, Roma and Principe Amedeo Classes". ISSN 0043-0374.
- Sondhaus, Lawrence (1994). The Naval Policy of Austria-Hungary, 1867–1918. West Lafayette: Purdue University Press. ISBN 978-1-55753-034-9.
- OCLC 1111061.
External links
- Classe Regina Maria Pia Marina Militare website (in Italian)