Saint-Julien-le-Pauvre
Saint-Julien-le-Pauvre | |
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Religion | |
Affiliation | Catholic Church |
Province | Archdiocese of Paris |
Rite | Melkite Greek |
Location | |
Location | 5th arrondissement, Paris |
Geographic coordinates | 48°51′7.5″N 2°20′49.5″E / 48.852083°N 2.347083°E |
Architecture | |
Type | Church |
Style | Romanesque |
Completed | 13th century |
Saint-Julien-le-Pauvre, in full Église Saint-Julien-le-Pauvre (
Originally a
Name
The church was dedicated to two medieval French saints of the same name: Julian of Le Mans and a figure from the region of Dauphiné.[1] "The poor" describes the modesty of the building, which makes it look very compact, compared with the contemporary cathedrals of the same style in the same region of Île-de-France.[1]
History
Saint-Julien-le-Pauvre replaced a 6th-century oratory dedicated to Saint Julien de Broude, which was part of a
The earliest mention of such a site was found in texts authored by
The new church was begun between 1165 and 1170 upon the foundations of the older church. It was built under
Saint-Julien-le-Pauvre was begun during the creation of Gothic style under the rule of
The church was closely associated with the nearby School of the Cathedral of Notre-Dame, and then
In the 17th century Cardinal Richelieu transferred the Sorbonne to a new campus and built a new chapel. the Saint Julien church entered a long decline. The upper part of the nave was rebuilt, using a non-Romanesque cross section of the barrel vault. The two western bays in the nave were demolished, and a northwestern facade was added. The northern aisle was preserved with its Gothic rib vaults, and two of its bays serve as a sacristy.[3] In 1655 the church was downgraded to the status of a simple parish church.[6]
During the French Revolution, the church was closed and building was used as a storage depot for salt. It was listed for demolition, and suffered more damage as a result.[1] The building was not returned to the Catholic Church until 1826. It underwent restoration under the direction of architect Franz Christian Gau.[7]
In 1889 the church was assigned to the worshippers of the Melkite Greek Catholic Church, dependent upon the Patriarch of Antioch. The boiling was modified, with the addition of icons and an iconostasis between the choir and nave, the accommodate the new worshippers.[6]
The Dada performance piece
On April 14, 1921, Saint-Julien-le-Pauvre was a venue for one of the last major
The "Dada excursion", conceived as a manner to revive the public's awareness of Dada, failed to gain needed attention, and, together with a mock trial of reactionary writer Maurice Barrès held later in the year, helped create a rift between Tzara's group and the future Surrealists Breton and Picabia.[9]
Exterior
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The Early Gothic chevet onPlace Viviani
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Western window of the aisle, renewed arch probably replacing a pointed arch
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Neoclassical west front and remains of the medieval aisle
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Early Gothic column capitals
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Reference: capitals of the ambulatory of Saint-Denis
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Chevet and buttresses of 12th century
The west front of the church varies by 30 degrees from true west, about the same variation as Notre Dame dw Paris; probably both churches were aligned to face the setting sun in mid-summer. Some of the original columns and columns from the early Primary Gothic church, with typical vegetal sculpture, are still visible near the west front. The (closed) arcade is Romanesque, possibly even a relic from before 1160. The remaining western window has been renewed, the surroundings suggest an older pointed arch, apt to the Gothic vaults of the aisle inside. Vestiges of the gallery of the west facade are also still visible, as well as the rows of buttresses from the 12th century which still support the outer walls of the nave.[10]
Interior
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Interior and iconostasis between the nave and choir
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Column capital with sculpture of a harpy, half-woman and half-bird
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Lower aisle on the north side, looking east
The influence of Notre-Dame-de-Paris, built at the same time, is visible in the architecture of the interior of the church, particularly in the vaults and the columns and pillars in the nave and choir. The 13th-century nave is flanked by two lower aisles. and lined with arcades of columns supporting pointed arches. The columns have capitals decorated with sculpted water lilies and other aquatic plants. The choir is older (12th century) and is a good example of the early Gothic style. It is covered with early six-part rib vaults, while the nave has the simpler, stronger four-part vaults. One 12th century column is decorated with sculptures of
The interior of the church underwent extensive modification in the 19th century to adapt it to its role as a church of the Greek Melkite Catholic Church. These include the addition of an iconostasis and icons; the removal of statues, with the exception of one statue from the earlier Roman church; and the removal of the church organ.[10] The iconostasis symbolizes the border between the nave, the human, visible world, and the sanctuary, the imvisible, sacred world. The current iconostasis was created in 1890 of carved woodwork by Georges BItar, an artist from Damascus.[10]
Art and Decoration
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A bas-relief of St. Julien from the church (c. 1380), now at 42 rue Galande
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A lectern of forged iron (Louis XIV period) originally from Bicêtre Hospital
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Icons
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Carved statue of Virgin Mary and Child (17th century)
The building has piers replicating those found in Notre Dame, and the chapiters are carved with images of leaves and harpies.[3] The choir area is covered by an iconostasis.[3]
North of the church, in the
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e A. and W. Galignani, The History of Paris from the Earliest Period to the Present Day, Paris, 1825, p.350-351
- ^ Dumoulin (2010), "Églises de Paris", p. p. 94
- ^ ISBN 3-930698-96-X
- ^ ISBN 0-8240-4444-4
- ISBN 0-312-24449-5
- ^ a b c d Dumoulin (2010), "Églises de Paris", p. 94
- ^ "Franz Christian Gau", entry in the 1813 Catholic Encyclopedia (wikisource)
- ^ University of Paris III: Sorbonne Nouvelle Center for the Study of Surrealism Archived 2008-03-27 at the Wayback Machine; retrieved April 27, 2008
- ISBN 0-500-20039-4
- ^ a b c d Dumoulin (2010), p. 95
Bibliography
- Dumoulin, Aline; Ardisson, Alexandra; Maingard, Jérôme; Antonello, Murielle; Églises de Paris (2010), Éditions Massin, Issy-Les-Moulineaux, ISBN 978-2-7072-0683-1
- Lecompte, Francis and Ladoux, Bernard, "Paris Rive Gauche – Quartier Latin, St, Germain des Prés, Montparnasse – Les Essentials du Patrimoine", Éditions Massin, Paris, ISBN 978-2-7072-0870-5
External links
- [1] Description of the church at Patrimoine Paris.fr (in French)
- Église Saint-Julien-le-Pauvre at Structurae