Salmon-crested cockatoo

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Salmon-crested cockatoo
At
Cincinnati Zoo
CITES Appendix I (CITES)[2]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Psittaciformes
Family: Cacatuidae
Genus: Cacatua
Subgenus: Cacatua
Species:
C. moluccensis
Binomial name
Cacatua moluccensis
(Gmelin, JF, 1788)

The salmon-crested cockatoo (Cacatua moluccensis), also known as the Moluccan cockatoo, is a

endemic to the Seram archipelago in eastern Indonesia. At a height of up to 46–52 centimetres (1.51–1.71 ft) and weight of up to 850 grams (1.87 lb), it is among the largest of the white cockatoos. The female is slightly smaller than the male on average. It has white-pink feathers with a definite peachy glow, a slight yellow on the underwing and underside of the tail feathers and a large retractable recumbent crest which it raises when threatened, revealing hitherto concealed bright red-orange plumes to frighten potential attackers. It may also be raised in excitement or in other 'emotional' displays. Some describe the crest as "flamingo-colored". It also has one of the louder calls in the parrot world and in captivity is a capable mimic
.

In the wild the salmon-crested cockatoo inhabits lowland forests below 1000 m. The diet consists mainly of seeds, nuts and fruit, as well as coconuts. There is additional evidence that they eat insects off the ground, and pet Moluccan cockatoos have tested positive for anemia if their diet does not include enough protein.

Taxonomy

The salmon-crested cockatoo was

monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.[9]

Distribution and habitat

The salmon-crested cockatoo is

endemic to the Seram archipelago in eastern Indonesia and has been introduced to the Hawaiian island of Oahu, where a small population has become established.[10] Although they have been observed in the wild in Puerto Rico, they are probably the result of escaped pets, and no reproduction has been recorded.[11]

Status in the wild

The salmon-crested cockatoo is a

Seram
, although even today some illegal trapping continues.

Aviculture

At Kuala Lumpur Bird Park

The salmon-crested cockatoo can no longer be imported into the United States because it is listed on the Wild Bird Conservation Act. However, they are being bred in captivity. They are popular for their beauty and trainability (which makes them popular in trained bird shows).

The salmon-crested cockatoo is widely considered to be one of the most demanding parrots to keep as a pet due to their high intelligence, large size, potential noise level (it is one of the loudest birds in the world, with calls up to 129 decibels),[13] and need to chew. Moluccan cockatoos require a very large and very sturdy cage or aviary. Salmon-crested cockatoos are highly social and pets can be extremely cuddly, affectionate, and gentle birds. This can lead to problems if a young cockatoo is spoiled with a great deal of attention and cuddling when young and does not get the opportunity to learn to play with toys, forage, or otherwise entertain itself.

Salmon-crested cockatoos require a great deal of attention and activity to remain healthy and well-adjusted. Attention and training from human caregivers is important in keeping them occupied, as are chewable toys and foraging toys that require them to work for their food. As with most large cockatoos, the salmon-crested cockatoo may develop health and behavioural problems such as feather-plucking and aggression if not provided with the appropriate environment, attention and enrichment opportunities.[citation needed]

In captivity, the salmon-crested cockatoo has been known to live for an extremely long time, with a captive individual mentioned in a 2011 paper having lived to the age of 92 years.[14]

Breeding

Moluccan cockatoos breed once a year, usually between December and March, when vegetation growth is at its peak and food is readily available.

Gallery

  • Salmon-crested cockatoo displaying (wings clipped)
    Salmon-crested cockatoo displaying (wings clipped)
  • Closeup of head and crest
    Closeup of head and crest
  • In Tropical Birdland, Leicestershire, England
    In Tropical Birdland, Leicestershire, England
  • In Sawai, Seram Island
    In Sawai, Seram Island

References

  1. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22684784A93046425.en
    . Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. ^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
  3. ^ Gmelin, Johann Friedrich (1788). Systema naturae per regna tria naturae : secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1, Part 1 (13th ed.). Lipsiae [Leipzig]: Georg. Emanuel. Beer. p. 331.
  4. ^ Edwards, George (1751). A Natural History of Uncommon Birds. Vol. 4. London: Printed for the author at the College of Physicians. p. 160; Plate 160.
  5. ^ Brisson, Mathurin Jacques (1760). Ornithologie, ou, Méthode Contenant la Division des Oiseaux en Ordres, Sections, Genres, Especes & leurs Variétés (in French and Latin). Vol. 4. Paris: Jean-Baptiste Bauche. pp. 209–211, No. 10. The two stars (**) at the start of the section indicates that Brisson based his description on the examination of a specimen.
  6. ^ Buffon, Georges-Louis Leclerc de (1779). "Le Kakatoës à huppe rouge". Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux (in French). Vol. 6. Paris: De l'Imprimerie Royale. p. 91.
  7. Daubenton, Louis-Jean-Marie (1765–1783). "Le Kakatoes à huppe rouge"
    . Planches Enluminées D'Histoire Naturelle. Vol. 5. Paris: De L'Imprimerie Royale. Plate 498.
  8. ^ Peters, James Lee, ed. (1937). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 3. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 175.
  9. Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2023). "Parrots, cockatoos"
    . IOC World Bird List Version 13.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 23 February 2023.
  10. ^ "Salmon-crested Cockatoo - eBird".
  11. PMID 30397538
    .
  12. ^ "Status of Cacatua moluccensis". [CITES CITES] database. Archived from the original on 16 April 2013.
  13. ^ "The World's Loudest Animals". 21 June 2018.
  14. PMID 22389582
    .

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cacatua moluccensis.
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