San Giuliano dei Fiamminghi
Church of St. Julian of the Flemings | |
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Sint-Juliaan-der-Vlamingen (in Dutch) Saint-Julien des Flamands (in French) S. Iuliani Flandrensium (in Latin) | |
San Giuliano dei Fiamminghi (in Italian) | |
mSC[1] |
The Church of St. Julian of the Flemings (
According to tradition, the church was built when Flanders converted to the Christian faith, during the pontificate of Gregory II (715–753). The little church is part of a Roman building that was once the hospice of St. Julian of the Flemings, built to shelter pilgrims from the county of Flanders (Belgium). Its official denomination since 1979 is "Royal Belgian church and Foundation of Saint Julian of the Flemings" (Dutch: Koninklijke Belgische kerk en stichting Sint-Juliaan der Vlamingen, French: Eglise et fondation royale belge Saint Julien des Flamands).
In the Consistory of November 26, 1994,
History
Immediately after their conversion,
The first historical references to a chapel of St Julian date from the early 15th century.
From 1624, the Confraternita dei Fiamminghi that ran the hospice of St Julian carefully kept records of Dutch pilgrims who visited Rome. From 1624 to 1790, 21,213 were given shelter, mainly from Flanders, but also from Artois, Namur, Hainaut, Tournai and Cambrai.
Under the influence of the
Although initially the statutes of the foundation restricted the members of its management board to Flemings from the county of Flanders, people from other parts of the Southern Netherlands (Antwerp, Tournai, Binche …) gradually took part to the functioning of St Julian. The directors of the hospice started to receive financial support from all parts of the Netherlands. With time, the little church of St Julian became more than a center for material support and served as a meeting place for all the southern Dutch living in Rome.
In the course of the early Modern Era, the scope of the hospice widened as it became a social center and a source of financial support for the Flemings living in Rome, promoting contacts between Flemings living in Rome. Merchants of Flemish origin acted as patrons of Flemish artists. Active in the administration of Saint Julian between 1618 and 1643, the banker Pieter de Visscher, born in
The old organization of the foundation of St Julian disappeared when the French took control of the foundation between 1798 and 1814. The church was then officially transferred to the
In 1844, the newly established Belgian Pontifical College was located in the home of Mgr. Aerts, rector of the Belgian national Church of S. Guiliano.[5]
Exterior
The church is part of a larger building. The Baroque façade is decorated with a statue of St Julian the Hospitaller, located above the main entrance door, which is flanked by four windows, a pair of circular ones over a pair of rectangular ones. The shields of the
TEMPLVM HOC ET XENODOCHIVM FLANDRICAE GENTIS PIETATE DIVO JULIANO ANNO SALVTIS DCCXIII DICATVM
A ROBERTO FLANDRIAE COMITE RESTITVTVM CENSVQ ADAVCTVM ANNO MXCIV SEDENTE EVGENIO IV SOLEMNI RITV CONSECRATVM
IN SPLENDIDIOREM FORMAM ANNO MDCLXXXI REDACTVM PROVISORES SOLO MARMOREO STERNI CURARVNT
ANNO DOMINI MDCCLXXXV
Interior
The hospice was thoroughly renovated in 1681–1682. Inspired by
The central medallion of the vault depicts the apotheosis of
The medallion is surrounded by four allegorical figures representing Flanders: Bruges and the Brugse Vrije, Ghent, and Ypres. Over one of the side altars is a 1743 painting by Maximilian De Haese, depicting the apostles Peter and Paul.
The monument to Ludovica de Timbrune-Valence by Mathieu Kessels was erected about 1830. The Comtesse de Celles was the wife of the then Belgian ambassador and is invited into heaven by her pre-deceased daughter in the form of an angel.
Sint-Juliaan Fondation
The patrimony of the foundation consists today of three apartment buildings from the 18th to 19th centuries. The income of the foundation comes from the rent of these apartments to 35 tenants. It has currently no support from the Belgian federal government. The purpose of the foundation has remained for centuries: offer help and hospitality to pilgrims, compatriots who reside in Rome or visit the Eternal City.[4]
St. Julian's also offers hospitality to the Fondation Lambert Darchis, which offers scholarships to young people from the province of Liège who wish to complete their artistic or religious training in Rome. The Rector of Sint-Juliaan is also the managing director.[4]
The "Collegio Musicale San Giuliano dei Fiamminghi" was established with the support of Father Hugo Vanermen, Rector of the Church and Royal Belgian Foundation San Giuliano dei Fiamminghi in Rome, with the aim of creating a stable group for the performance of concerts dedicated to the Baroque repertoire.[6]
Cardinal-deacons
St. Julian's was established as a titular church in 1994.
- Jan Pieter Schotte (26 November 1994 – 10 January 2005)
- Vacant (2005–2010)
- Walter Brandmüller (2010-), became pro hac vice title in 2021
See also
Notes
- ^ "CHIESA RETTORIA SAN GIULIANO DEI FIAMMINGHI". Vicariatus Urbis.
- ^ a b c "Church of San Giuliano dei Fiamminghi", Turismo Roma, Major Events, Sport, Tourism and Fashion Department
- ^ Ickx, Johan. "783 YEARS 'SAN GIULIANO DEI FIAMMINGHI'?", Archivum Historiae Pontificiae, vol. 34, 1996, pp. 369–75. JSTOR
- ^ a b c "De Stichting", San Giuliano dei Flamminghi
- ^ Benigni, Umberto. "Roman Colleges." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 13. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ Collegio Musicale San Giuliano dei Fiamminghi
References
- Vanermen, Hugo (2004), San Giuliano dei Fiamminghi – Beknopte geschiedenis van San Giuliano (in Dutch), archived from the original on 2009-05-25
Bibliography
- Brabandere, Jan; De Groof, Bart; Ickx, Johan (1996), 1000 Jaar San Giuliano Dei Fiamminghi, Art Books Intl Ltd, ISBN 90-74377-37-8
- Ickx, Johan (1996), "783 years "San Giuliano dei Fiamminghi"?", Archivum Historiae Pontificiae, 34: 369–375, archived from the original on 2009-10-03
- Lammerant, Yolande (2000), Les pèlerins des Pays-Bas méridionaux à Saint-Julien-des-Flamands à Rome au XVIIe et XVIIIe siècle, Pèlerins et pèlerinages dans l'Europe moderne, École Française de Rome, doi:10.1400/37009
- Viaene, Vincent (2001), Belgium and the Holy See from Gregory XVI to Pius IX (1831–1859), Catholic Revival, Society and Politics in 19th-Century Europe, Leuven: Leuven University Press, ISBN 90-5867-138-0
Further reading
- M. Vaes, Les fondations hospitalières flamandes à Rome du XVe au XVIIIe siècle, Bulletin de l'Institut historique belge de Rome, I, 1919, p. 161–371
- Monique de Smets, Les établissements nationaux belges et français de Rome sous la Révolution et sous l'Empire (1793–1815)
- D. Bodart, Les fondations hospitalières et artistiques belges à Rome, Les fondations nationales dans la Rome pontificale, Rome, 1981, p. 61–74
- Yolande Lammerant, Les pèlerins de Tourcoing à Rome aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles, Nord-généalogie, 78, 1986, p. 75–81
- Yolande Lammerant, Les pèlerins de la châtellenie d'Ath à travers le "Libro dei pellegrini venuti in Roma dall'anno 1624", Annales du Cercle royal d'histoire et d'archéologie d'Ath et de la région du Musée athois, LII, 1993, p. 141–193
- B. De Groof, Natie en nationaliteit. Benamingsproblematiek in San Giuliano dei Fiamminghi te Rome (17e–18e eeuw), Bulletin de l'Institut historique belge de Rome, LVIII, 1988, p. 55–148