Saqqara Tablet
The Saqqara Tablet, now in the
Ramesside Period of Egypt which features a list of pharaohs. It was found in 1861 in Saqqara, in the tomb of Tjuneroy (or Tjenry), an official ("chief lector priest" and "Overseer of Works on All Royal Monuments") of the pharaoh Ramesses II.[1]
The inscription lists fifty-eight kings, from
Second Intermediate Period, the Hyksos, and those rulers... who had been close to the heretic Akhenaten".[2]
The names (each surrounded by a border known as a
Twelfth Dynasties, which are reversed. A well known photograph of the king list was published in 1865.[3] Detailed and high resolution images are able to be viewed online and inside the book Inside the Egyptian Museum with Zahi Hawass [4]
Kings in the list
The names are listed in reverse chronological order from the upper right to the bottom left, as they were meant to be read.
Upper row | Bottom row | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | Pharaoh | Name written in the list | No. | Pharaoh | Name written in the list |
1 | Ramesses II | User-maat-ra-setep-en-ra | 30 | Neferefre | Kha-nefer-ra |
2 | Seti I | Men-maat-ra | 31 | Shepseskare | Shepses-ka-ra |
3 | Ramesses I | Men-peh-ti-ra | 32 | Neferirkare Kakai | Nefer-ir-ka-ra |
4 | Horemheb | Djeser-kheperu-ra-setep-en-ra | 33 | Sahure | Sahura |
5 | Name destroyed | Name destroyed | 34 | Userkaf | User-ka-f |
6 | Name destroyed | Name destroyed | 35 | Name destroyed | Name destroyed |
7 | Name destroyed | Name destroyed | 36 | Name destroyed | Name destroyed |
8 | Name destroyed | Name destroyed | 37 | Name destroyed | Name destroyed |
9 | Name destroyed | Name destroyed | 38 | Name destroyed | Name destroyed |
10 | Name destroyed | Name destroyed | 39 | Name destroyed | Name destroyed |
11 | Amenhotep I | Djeser-ka-ra | 40 | Khafre | Kha-f-ra |
12 | Ahmose I | Neb-pehti-ra | 41 | Djedefra
|
Djed-ef-re |
13 | Mentuhotep II | Nebhepetre | 42 | Khufu | Khufu |
14 | Mentuhotep III | Se-ankh-ka-ra | 43 | Sneferu | Sneferu |
15 | Amenemhat I | Se-hetep-ib-ra | 44 | Huni | Huni |
16 | Senusret I | Kheper-ka-ra | 45 | Nebka | Neb-ka-ra |
17 | Amenemhat II | Nub-kau-ra | 46 | Sekhemkhet | Djoser-teti |
18 | Senusret II | Kha-kheper-ra | 47 | Djoser | Djoser |
19 | Senusret III | Kha-khau-ra | 48 | Khasekhemwy | Beby |
20 | Amenemhat III | Ni-maat-ra | 49 | Hudjefa | "Name missing" |
21 | Amenemhat IV | Maat-kheru-ra | 50 | Sekhemib-Perenmaat? | Nefer-ka-sokar |
22 | Sobekneferu | Ka-sobek-re | 51 | Seth-Peribsen? | Nefer-ka-ra |
23 | Pepi II Neferkare | Nefer-ka-ra | 52 | Senedj | Senedj |
24 | Merenre Nemtyemsaf I | Mer-en-ra | 53 | Wadjenes | Wadjlas |
25 | Pepi I Meryre | Pepi | 54 | Nynetjer | Ba-netjeru |
26 | Teti | Teti | 55 | Raneb
|
Kakau |
27 | Unas | Unis | 56 | Hotepsekhemwy | Bau-netjer |
28 | Djedkare
|
Maat-ka-ra | 57 | Qa'a | Qe-behu |
29 | Menkauhor
|
Men-kau-hor | 58 | Anedjib | Merbapen |
Proposed reconstruction
As names 5-10 and 35-39 are missing or badly damaged, the following names are suggested to have once been listed here. Note that this reconstruction is based on other kings lists and circumstantial evidence.
Upper row | Bottom row | ||
---|---|---|---|
5 | Amenhotep III | 34 | Userkaf |
6 | Thutmose IV | 35 | Khentkaus I? |
7 | Amenhotep II | 36 | Thamphthis? |
8 | Thutmose III | 37 | Shepseskaf |
9 | Thutmose II | 38 | Menkaure |
10 | Thutmose I | 39 | Bicheris ?
|
Other New Kingdom royal lists
- Abydos king list
- Karnak king list
- Turin King List
- Medinet Habu king list
References
- ISBN 0-415-27103-7. Page 74.
- ^ Quoted from: Gerald Verbrugghe, John Moore Wickersham. Berossos and Manetho, Introduced and Translated. University of Michigan Press, 2001. Page 104.
- ^ de Rougé, Emmanuel (1865). Album photographique de la mission remplie en Égypte. Paris. pp. 152, photographs 143–145.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ISBN 9789774163722.
Bibliography
- Auguste Mariette: La table de Saqqarah in Revue Archeologique Vol 10, Paris 1864, p. 168-186, Pl. 17
- Emmanuel de Rougé: Album photographique de la mission remplie en Égypte, Paris 1865, Photographs, No. 143-145
- Auguste Mariette: Monuments divers recueillis en Égypte et en Nubie (Tables), Paris 1872, Vol. II, Pl. 58
- Eduard Meyer: Ägyptische Chronologie, Pl. 1, (Berlin 1904)