Second Balochistan conflict
Second Balochistan Conflict | |||||||
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Part of the Insurgency in Balochistan | |||||||
Physical Map of Balochistan, Pakistan, where the fighting took place. | |||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||
Pakistan | Kalat insurgents | ||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
Yar Khan Nauroz Khan | |||||||
Units involved | |||||||
Pakistan Army Pakistan Air Force | Kalat insurgents | ||||||
Strength | |||||||
Unknown | 1000+ militants | ||||||
Casualties and losses | |||||||
Unknown |
500+ captured Unknown killed |
The Second Balochistan Conflict refers to a rebellion by Nawab
Previous rebellion
In 1948, Prince Agha Abdul Karim and Prince Muhammad Rahim of Kalat launched a rebellion in response to accession of Kalat and with the aim of establishing Kalat as an independent state from Pakistan. With the arrest of the princes and loss of a lot of manpower, the rebellion ultimately came to an end in 1950 with Pakistan recapturing all territories.
Attack on Kalat Palace
In 1958,
Dismissal of the government
One Unit scheme
The One Unit Scheme was the reorganisation of the provinces of Pakistan by the central
The One Unit program was met with great resistance and grievances were raised by the four provinces since its establishment. As per scholar Julien Levesque, the One Unit project had mainly been pushed by the Punjabi elite of West Pakistan since 1953 with the aim of preventing politicians from East Pakistan from gaining power at the centre.[9] The National Awami Party successfully sponsored a bill in the National Assembly calling for its dissolution and providing for regional autonomy. This led to the military takeover of the national government.[10] The One Unit programme remained in effect until 1970.[11] Finally, President General Yahya Khan imposed Legal Framework Order No. 1970 to end the One Unit program and reinstate the provisional status of the Four Provinces as of August 1947.
Rebellion by Nauroz Khan
An armed battle began under the command of
Negotiations and Surrender
In the early 1960s, Nawab Nauroz Khan and his men surrendered after peace talks between the tribals and Pakistani government,[4][2][3][14][20][12][13] who pledged to abolish One Unit Scheme and grant amnesty to Nauroz Khan and his men. Nauroz Khan said that government must first withdraw its troops from Balochistan, release the Khan of Kalat immediately, restore the princely state of Kalat and release all the political prisoners in Balochistan.[4][2][3][8][19][14] He put a condition for surrendering. when Nauroz Khan refused to comply despite the concession offered by the government.[14] A jirga was sent to Nauroz Khan, along with a Holy Qur’an as an assurance that he would come down from the mountains on its sanctity[14][20][4][2][3][21].. When the militants came down from the mountains, they kissed the Qur’an and said that they respect the Quran but they won't surrender.[8][19][12][13][4][2][3] The government delegation kept reassuring them through the Qur’an that the government was living up to its promise.[22][14] So they surrendered.,[21] however, around 160 insurgents, including Nauroz Khan and his son, were trialed in a military court in Machh district.[23] Nauroz Khan, his son, and five other family members were sentenced to death[18][14][12][13] on the charges of rebellion and killing of Pakistani troops; however, Nauroz Khan's sentence was later changed to life imprisonment.[8][14][19][24]Nauroz Khan spent his remaining life in Hyderabad prison.[14][12][13][4][2][3]
References
- ISBN 978-0-87003-029-1.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i The Redefined Dimensions of Baloch Nationalists.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Conflict and Insecurity in Balochistan.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j The Khanate of Kalat and the Genesis of Baluch Nationalism.
- ^ a b c d e "Baloch insurgency and its roots". 29 August 2011.
- JSTOR 10.7591/j.ctt1w0d9w9.7.
- ^ Balochistan, Pakistan (1947-present).
- ^ a b c d e f "Nauroz Khan and the Baloch rebel". 9 August 2021.
- ISBN 978-0190701314.
The One Unit project had mainly been pushed by the Punjabi elite of West Pakistan since 1953 with the aim of preventing politicians from East Pakistan from gaining power at the centre.
- ^ Talbot 1998, p. 86.
- ^ "One Unit". Story of Pakistan. June 2003. Retrieved 16 May 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f The All Pakistan Legal Decisions.
- ^ a b c d e f The Thistle and the Drone.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k The Politics of Ethnicity in Pakistan.
- ^ Native Population And Original Form Of Government.
- ^ "Recalling Baloch history".
- ^ "The roots of resentment".
- ^ a b "timeline of insurgency in Balochistan". 4 April 2023.
- ^ a b c d e "orgin of Baloch insurgency". 29 September 2014.
- ^ a b Cohen, 2009
- ^ a b Axmann, 2008
- ^ Harison, 1981
- ^ (Cohen, 2009)
- ^ "Can Imran Khan succeed in his negotiations with Baloch rebels".