Separation of military and police roles

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"Militaries should not be used for internal security and law-enforcement roles"

Washington Office on Latin America, "Preach What You Practice"[1]: 2 

The separation of military and police roles is the

prosecution, and training in enforcing laws and ensuring civil liberties.[1]
: 3 

Even "gray area" threats like

drug trafficking, organized crime or terrorism will require sophisticated investigative skills and adherence to procedures for building a case as well as close collaboration with prosecutorial and judicial authorities. These are arguably traits solely attributed to law enforcement officers. Military personnel, on the other hand, are trained to defend the national territory from foreign military threats and are equipped with weapons designed to kill the enemy, rather than to stun or disable.[1]: 25  The presence of a heavily-armed military standing in for the law enforcement personnel may reassure anxious civilians or not, but it should at best be partial and short-term.[1]
: 26 

In the United States

In the United States, the 1878

National Guard forces to enforce domestic policies
.

There are instances of the military being called into action (such as during

national emergencies caused by natural disasters or civil disorders) and efficiently saving lives and restoring order, such as the 1992 Los Angeles riots and Hurricane Katrina. On the other hand, there have also been instances where the use of military in a domestic role has gone wrong, such as the Kent State shootings.[1]
: 4 

In the 1980s, Congress began discussing a broader military role, but Ronald Reagan's Secretary of Defense, Frank Carlucci, testified that "I remain absolutely opposed to the assignment of a law enforcement mission to the Department of Defense. I am even more firmly opposed to any relaxation of the Posse Comitatus restrictions on the use of the military to search, seize and arrest. I have discussed this matter with the President and other senior members of his Cabinet, and I can report that these views are shared throughout this Administration."[1]: 4 

France

France pioneered and then spread the use of the military throughout Europe, becoming widespread.[citation needed] It still exists today, only being used to police rural areas and is called Gendarmerie.[citation needed]

Since

Charlie Hebdo shootings military became common place under the Vigipirate plan that allowed the deployment of 3000 soldiers at first up to 11 000 to conduct patrols in French Streets against terrorist attacks.[citation needed] Notably against the designated islamist threat.[citation needed
]

Belgium

In Belgium, a plan called Operation Vigilant Guardian since the Charlie Hebdo shooting the mission is planned to end by 2021.

Sweden

The Ådalen shootings was a series of events in and around the sawmill district of Ådalen, Kramfors Municipality, Ångermanland, Sweden, in May 1931. During a protest on 14 May, five people were killed by bullets fired by Swedish military personnel called in as reinforcements by the police.

See also

References

  1. ^
    ISBN 978-0-9844873-4-9
    .
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